A geological survey is one that records geologically significant features in a specific area. They can also refer to a government institution that holds geological information for using in geoscience research to benefit the wealth and health of that particular nation. Examples include: Geoscience Australia, United States Geological Survey and Geological Survey of Canada.
Methods
There are a huge number of methods used to conduct surveys, and the methods used will depend on a variety of factors, including the size of area to be covered; the depth of the land that the survey needs to record; the types of features to be recorded and more.
Survey methods can be divided into two broad categories: extrusive surveys and intrusive surveys. Extrusive geological surveys look at geological features on the surface of the Earth - i.e. features that are visible if you were to walk across the land. Intrusive surveys are much more complex, and look at features below the surface.
Methods for extrusive surveys are much simpler than intrusive and in many cases simply involve a walk-over survey where the geological surveyor will observe rock formations such as outcrops, crevasses, sink holes and more.
Intrusive methods can be very expensive and used very advanced apparatus to complete. In many cases the survey needs to cover areas that are several miles below the surface of the Earth. Intrusive methods can include machine-driven boreholes, remote sensing, satellite imagery and aerial photography.
What are they used for?
There are many purposes to surveys; in fact they're some of the most important types of surveys that we use.
Mining companies make great use of geological and land surveys, and they rely on them to choose where to dig out their next mine site. Mining companies will usually hire a geologist and geological surveyor to create a geological survey or an area of land that they suspect could be an ideal site for a mine. The geological survey will tell them whether or not there are the raw materials they are after below the Earth.
These surveys are also used to assess if there are any geologic hazards that people should be aware of. They can help assist in mitigating damage due to natural disasters.
Intrusive surveys tell us what types of rocks are below the surface, which can be beneficial for a range of purposes. For example, certain minerals and rock formations can indicate that there are water deposits underground - which can be very important in areas with water shortages.
United States Geological Survey
The USGS is an agency of the U.S. government. Almost all countries in the world have their own survey that contains a huge amount of information and data on the landscape of the country, including where it's natural resources are and what natural hazards threaten the land.
The surveying department is huge and is divided into four different categories: geology, geography, hydrology and biology - each with smaller subdivisions within them.
An example of one of the sectors where the Geological Survey becomes incredibly important to Americans is the Earthquake Hazards Program. The Earthquake Hazards Program uses data from the Geological Survey to monitor earthquake activity around the world.
The USGS also has a department that creates geological surveys in space - Astrogeology Research Program. They are currently working on a National Volcano Early Warning System to improve early detection of the 169 active volcanoes across the USA.
Wednesday, September 1, 2010
Succeed in Studies
To succeed in studies, one must be hard working and willing to put in a number of hours of studies every day without fail. Whether one is intelligent or not, if you work hard you are sure to succeed.
However intelligent one may be, to reach to the top grade requires dedicated effort of completing all assignments and project besides studying all subjects every day without fail. Your dedication and hard work pays of despite your intelligence levels.
To succeed and make it to the top in school, adopt the following habits and you'll be in great shape going forward:
Attend school regularly and participate in all projects. Try not to say no to any opportunity that comes your way, because each and every experience will play a major role in your growth and development as a student. You will be on your way to success.
Take an oath and be committed to attending classes regularly in all semesters. Half your studies are done with attending classes and participating in discussions. You are on your way to success.
Successful students you will find are very neat and methodical when it comes to attending classes. They carry all the required notebooks, pen, pencils and other implements required for the class and make detailed notes during lectures.
Campus activities, assignment submission dates, examination timetable and all the events call for detailed planning on part of the students. It helps to have a calendar notebook or diary or a planner to be able to keep a track of all events.
The most important part that helps you fare well in the class is your daily and regular practice of studying. If you have a daily plan to study from such and such a time and stick to it what ever happens your perseverance will pay off. Additional tuitions may be required in subjects, which you may find difficulty in understanding.
However intelligent one may be, to reach to the top grade requires dedicated effort of completing all assignments and project besides studying all subjects every day without fail. Your dedication and hard work pays of despite your intelligence levels.
To succeed and make it to the top in school, adopt the following habits and you'll be in great shape going forward:
Attend school regularly and participate in all projects. Try not to say no to any opportunity that comes your way, because each and every experience will play a major role in your growth and development as a student. You will be on your way to success.
Take an oath and be committed to attending classes regularly in all semesters. Half your studies are done with attending classes and participating in discussions. You are on your way to success.
Successful students you will find are very neat and methodical when it comes to attending classes. They carry all the required notebooks, pen, pencils and other implements required for the class and make detailed notes during lectures.
Campus activities, assignment submission dates, examination timetable and all the events call for detailed planning on part of the students. It helps to have a calendar notebook or diary or a planner to be able to keep a track of all events.
The most important part that helps you fare well in the class is your daily and regular practice of studying. If you have a daily plan to study from such and such a time and stick to it what ever happens your perseverance will pay off. Additional tuitions may be required in subjects, which you may find difficulty in understanding.
Basics of Sun Tzu
The 'Art of War' written by Sun Tzu is regarded as one of the best books written on war strategies. Written during the period of Spring and Autumn (some suggest that it was written during the period of warring states) the book describes the Art of War of its time. Sun Tzu Art of War is one of its kind and even today its is considered as one of the most successful documentation of military strategies.
Sun Tzu Art of War was first translated in French 1772 and then to English in 1903 and time and again great leaders as Mao Zedong, Baron Antonie-Henri Jomini and General Douglas McArthur are known to draw inspiration from this book.
As the book written by Sun Tzu is the most comprehensive work on strategies, partnering and success, its validity is widely accepted and is largely taught in the leading business schools across the globe. It is widely in use for,
Business strategies
Leadership developments
Partnership and organizational success
And, project management and planning
Sun Tzu's 'Art of War' mainly deals with the objective of winning battles with minimum effort, minimum conflict, minimum losses and maximum operational efficiency, which are also the motto of modern corporates. In the book Sun Tzu has mentioned that best winning is to win without fighting which has become very important in leadership strategies.
In his book Sun Tzu is known to mention that,
'if you know yourself and your enemy, you'd surely win'
'if you know yourself but not your enemy, you may either win or lose '
'if you know neither yourself nor your enemy, you would lose'
You can experience the validity of the aforementioned statements even in modern time. Therefore, the leading business schools have adopted the Sun Tzu's book, which was written more than 2,500 years ago, for their leadership development program to train modern days' leaders. It is still so useful that the 'Art of War' slips easily into the role of 'art of strategy' for modern businesses.
Sun Tzu was the great preacher of strategies. He has given emphasis on the importance of maintaining orderliness, without which no army can succeed in defeating its enemies. The same holds true to corporates. That is why the Art of War for managers accepts the importance of studies of S.W.O.T or the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities & threats analysis in a business.
The 'Art of War' is considered as one of the best books ever written on strategic management. That is why its importance in the study of business has actually increased instead of declining over time. The book has also dealt with the importance of situational leadership and strategic thinking.
Not only in the arena of warfare but the teaching of Sun Tzu is equally valid in the field of business. In his book he has described that strategic thinking is a acquired skill and can be acquired through leadership development and it is the able leadership consulting which is necessary for the business to survive its enemies.
Sun Tzu Art of War was first translated in French 1772 and then to English in 1903 and time and again great leaders as Mao Zedong, Baron Antonie-Henri Jomini and General Douglas McArthur are known to draw inspiration from this book.
As the book written by Sun Tzu is the most comprehensive work on strategies, partnering and success, its validity is widely accepted and is largely taught in the leading business schools across the globe. It is widely in use for,
Business strategies
Leadership developments
Partnership and organizational success
And, project management and planning
Sun Tzu's 'Art of War' mainly deals with the objective of winning battles with minimum effort, minimum conflict, minimum losses and maximum operational efficiency, which are also the motto of modern corporates. In the book Sun Tzu has mentioned that best winning is to win without fighting which has become very important in leadership strategies.
In his book Sun Tzu is known to mention that,
'if you know yourself and your enemy, you'd surely win'
'if you know yourself but not your enemy, you may either win or lose '
'if you know neither yourself nor your enemy, you would lose'
You can experience the validity of the aforementioned statements even in modern time. Therefore, the leading business schools have adopted the Sun Tzu's book, which was written more than 2,500 years ago, for their leadership development program to train modern days' leaders. It is still so useful that the 'Art of War' slips easily into the role of 'art of strategy' for modern businesses.
Sun Tzu was the great preacher of strategies. He has given emphasis on the importance of maintaining orderliness, without which no army can succeed in defeating its enemies. The same holds true to corporates. That is why the Art of War for managers accepts the importance of studies of S.W.O.T or the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities & threats analysis in a business.
The 'Art of War' is considered as one of the best books ever written on strategic management. That is why its importance in the study of business has actually increased instead of declining over time. The book has also dealt with the importance of situational leadership and strategic thinking.
Not only in the arena of warfare but the teaching of Sun Tzu is equally valid in the field of business. In his book he has described that strategic thinking is a acquired skill and can be acquired through leadership development and it is the able leadership consulting which is necessary for the business to survive its enemies.
A Conquest in Mexico
In the aftermath of Christopher Columbus' discovery of the exciting new continent America, European nations scrambled to claim as much land as they could and expand their empires. African and Asian lands were coveted heavily, but the prospect of a huge, unexplored continent was very tempting to European monarchs seeking wealth. Great Britain was particularly interested in Africa, as were the Dutch. But the Spaniards set their sights on Columbus' newly discovered land. The Spanish conquest of Mexico and southern areas of North America was bloody, violent, and devastating to the indigenous community. Spanish explorer Hernan Cortes stopped at nothing to overpower the stubborn and angry Aztecs.
Cortes landed on Cozumel Island off the coast of Mexico in 1511, and spent several weeks futilely attempting to convert its inhabitants to Christianity. He trained his men to be translators, which proved to be vital to his plot to eventually conquer the Aztec Empire. Cortes became romantically involved with a Mayan woman called Malinche, who spoke fluently the language of her people. Cortes now had the linguistic tools with which he could conquer the Aztecs. Cortes moved swiftly through the Mexican area. When he landed in what is now Veracruz, he was greeted by cheering crowds and dignitaries in full regalia. This first settlement that he encountered was his base of operations. Cortes began to hoard and melt down native gold to send to the King of Spain. He hired natives to do his bidding, and they were often overcome by foreign, Spanish borne diseases.
Cortes forged an alliance with the scattered nation of Tlaxcala, who did not have any centralized government. He took advantage of this and positioned himself as their ruler. The Tlaxcalans were enemies of the warring Aztecs, who had left Tlaxcala unconquered just so they could capture people for their notoriously violent sacrifice rituals. The Spanish alliance with the bitter Tlaxcala tribe proved to be key to the downfall of the Aztecs. They exchanged gifts and agreed to bond together and fight the Aztecs. The two armies marched to the large and affluent Aztec city of Cholula, where a terrible massacre was to occur.
The two armies marched through Cholula. Cortes mistook the city for a center of military operations, when it was in fact a site for religious pilgrimage. Cortes intended to make an example of the Cholula, who he claimed had treated him with disrespect. Reports vary, but historians have been able to confirm with certainty that over twenty thousand Cholulans were killed. The Aztecs, despite their experience with battle, were overcome with fear of the Aztecs and decided to try and submit to the demands of the Spanish in favor of violent death. The Spaniards bullied through present day Mexico into Aztec territory. Cortes demanded gold, or else he would attack again.
When Cortes and his troops marched into the city of Tenochtitlan, the Aztec ruler Moctezuma greeted him with immense respect. Moctezuma draped Cortes in garlands of flowers from his personal gardens. This was nearly unheard of from a king who would dine behind a screen so that his own servants could not see him. Moctezuma offered the Spaniards his father's palace. Cortes accepted the gifts, and then imprisoned Moctezuma. Cortes began a reign of terror, pillaging, murdering, and destroying cities up and down the coast. Cortes even personally tortured then murdered the final Aztec Emperor Cuauhtemoc. The invasion of the Spaniards was absolutely devastating to the ancient civilizations inhabiting the area.
Cortes landed on Cozumel Island off the coast of Mexico in 1511, and spent several weeks futilely attempting to convert its inhabitants to Christianity. He trained his men to be translators, which proved to be vital to his plot to eventually conquer the Aztec Empire. Cortes became romantically involved with a Mayan woman called Malinche, who spoke fluently the language of her people. Cortes now had the linguistic tools with which he could conquer the Aztecs. Cortes moved swiftly through the Mexican area. When he landed in what is now Veracruz, he was greeted by cheering crowds and dignitaries in full regalia. This first settlement that he encountered was his base of operations. Cortes began to hoard and melt down native gold to send to the King of Spain. He hired natives to do his bidding, and they were often overcome by foreign, Spanish borne diseases.
Cortes forged an alliance with the scattered nation of Tlaxcala, who did not have any centralized government. He took advantage of this and positioned himself as their ruler. The Tlaxcalans were enemies of the warring Aztecs, who had left Tlaxcala unconquered just so they could capture people for their notoriously violent sacrifice rituals. The Spanish alliance with the bitter Tlaxcala tribe proved to be key to the downfall of the Aztecs. They exchanged gifts and agreed to bond together and fight the Aztecs. The two armies marched to the large and affluent Aztec city of Cholula, where a terrible massacre was to occur.
The two armies marched through Cholula. Cortes mistook the city for a center of military operations, when it was in fact a site for religious pilgrimage. Cortes intended to make an example of the Cholula, who he claimed had treated him with disrespect. Reports vary, but historians have been able to confirm with certainty that over twenty thousand Cholulans were killed. The Aztecs, despite their experience with battle, were overcome with fear of the Aztecs and decided to try and submit to the demands of the Spanish in favor of violent death. The Spaniards bullied through present day Mexico into Aztec territory. Cortes demanded gold, or else he would attack again.
When Cortes and his troops marched into the city of Tenochtitlan, the Aztec ruler Moctezuma greeted him with immense respect. Moctezuma draped Cortes in garlands of flowers from his personal gardens. This was nearly unheard of from a king who would dine behind a screen so that his own servants could not see him. Moctezuma offered the Spaniards his father's palace. Cortes accepted the gifts, and then imprisoned Moctezuma. Cortes began a reign of terror, pillaging, murdering, and destroying cities up and down the coast. Cortes even personally tortured then murdered the final Aztec Emperor Cuauhtemoc. The invasion of the Spaniards was absolutely devastating to the ancient civilizations inhabiting the area.
Inspirational Life Quotes
Collection of Inspirational life quotes and sayings by famous people to live by. These "Inspirational life quotes"?would be helpful to get you thinking about life and provides the lessons on how to live your life to the fullest.
In our daily life, no matter what our status, race or religion may be, we are surrounded by inspiration, though many fail to see what is directly in front of them, preferring to live life at such a pace that they miss the opportunities that await them at every?corner.
Every day offers us new challenges. We have to handle with the daily routine and add some spice in our life. The only way to overcome the daily routine is to keep ourselves active and inspired. If we experience a new pleasant experience today, we will feel much better tomorrow. We have to create a habit to inspire our life with daily surprises. Or we could spoil ourselves with good experience. Start every day with inspiration in your heart and gratitude, that you are alive and healthy.
In our daily life, no matter what our status, race or religion may be, we are surrounded by inspiration, though many fail to see what is directly in front of them, preferring to live life at such a pace that they miss the opportunities that await them at every?corner.
Every day offers us new challenges. We have to handle with the daily routine and add some spice in our life. The only way to overcome the daily routine is to keep ourselves active and inspired. If we experience a new pleasant experience today, we will feel much better tomorrow. We have to create a habit to inspire our life with daily surprises. Or we could spoil ourselves with good experience. Start every day with inspiration in your heart and gratitude, that you are alive and healthy.
Return of the Native
In the novel The Return of the Native, Thomas Hardy frequently examines the revitalizing power of rural life as his main theme. This power of the naturalistic rural life is evident throughout the entire work. The setting of the story takes place in the beautiful wilderness of Egdon Heath. Hardy describes the Heath as wild and untamed, ?it was at present a place perfectly accordant with man?s nature?neither ghastly, hateful, nor ugly.? He shows that it is beautiful, not just in an aesthetic fashion but in the way that it shapes the characters in the story. The heath makes such a dynamic impact on the story that it is, itself, a character of the novel.
Clym Yeobright, the protagonist of the story, is the character that is most involved and revitalized by nature. He, in fact, is the native who returns to the heath. Clym had been in Paris where he had become a successful jeweler until he realized that what he wanted most was not material wealth. What Clym desired most was the happiness and comfort of the heath. Upon his return to Egdon Heath, he yearns to become a schoolmaster for the unscholarly land and tries very hard to achieve this goal. Clym Yeobright returns to nature and is revitalized and finds the happiness and solace for which he has been searching. However, he is set back when, by reading late in the dark, becomes partially blind. Due to the fact that he can no longer study and prepare lessons for a school, Clym must search for a new job. This new job, though it seems less glamorous then teaching, involves manual labor and allows Clym to commune with nature itself causing him to become happier than ever. Clym is further revitalized and comes to further appreciate the subtle beauty and gifts that nature has to offer.
In a different way rural life also revitalized the beautiful Eustacia Vye. She yearns for an escape from the heath, which she hates passionately. She eventually realizes that this will never come to be with Clym, whom she is married to, and secretly plans an escape with Damon her former lover. The rural essence of the heath destroys one relationship while opening the way to a new life and new relationship for Clym. Egdon Heath is in itselft a character. Some hate it while others love it. It creates relationship like the marriage of Eustacia and Clym, while at another instance destroys them.
Egdon Heath is a monotonous entity that serves not only as the setting for The Return of the Native but also as a key character. For Clym Yeobright, the heath calls him back to find his true happiness and meaning. Even after becoming partially blind, Clym finds his happiness in nature. On the other hand, the power of nature creates relationships while at the same time destroys them. Each character in the novel are pushed by the power of rural life to pursue what they desire most.
Clym Yeobright, the protagonist of the story, is the character that is most involved and revitalized by nature. He, in fact, is the native who returns to the heath. Clym had been in Paris where he had become a successful jeweler until he realized that what he wanted most was not material wealth. What Clym desired most was the happiness and comfort of the heath. Upon his return to Egdon Heath, he yearns to become a schoolmaster for the unscholarly land and tries very hard to achieve this goal. Clym Yeobright returns to nature and is revitalized and finds the happiness and solace for which he has been searching. However, he is set back when, by reading late in the dark, becomes partially blind. Due to the fact that he can no longer study and prepare lessons for a school, Clym must search for a new job. This new job, though it seems less glamorous then teaching, involves manual labor and allows Clym to commune with nature itself causing him to become happier than ever. Clym is further revitalized and comes to further appreciate the subtle beauty and gifts that nature has to offer.
In a different way rural life also revitalized the beautiful Eustacia Vye. She yearns for an escape from the heath, which she hates passionately. She eventually realizes that this will never come to be with Clym, whom she is married to, and secretly plans an escape with Damon her former lover. The rural essence of the heath destroys one relationship while opening the way to a new life and new relationship for Clym. Egdon Heath is in itselft a character. Some hate it while others love it. It creates relationship like the marriage of Eustacia and Clym, while at another instance destroys them.
Egdon Heath is a monotonous entity that serves not only as the setting for The Return of the Native but also as a key character. For Clym Yeobright, the heath calls him back to find his true happiness and meaning. Even after becoming partially blind, Clym finds his happiness in nature. On the other hand, the power of nature creates relationships while at the same time destroys them. Each character in the novel are pushed by the power of rural life to pursue what they desire most.
Career in Film Direction
Films and movies are the topics, about which any youngsters today, can be seen talking about. The craze about the movies, glamour world, star power, actors, actresses, has always been there, but with the change in time, students have started taking interests in the direction and the production part of the movies. They are more curious to know about how the movies are made and how a bit of their participation can made the movies turn better and to a more creative outcome. New ideas and creativity are the key factors, which guides the making of a well crafted and a properly presented film. The direction of a film has become a new discipline for the students to pursue their career in. There are many colleges in India, which provide courses in the field of film and direction. A large number of students from the fields of mass communication and journalism are seen opting for specialised courses in film direction. The students need to have immense interest in all the fields related to direction and should be keen to know about the in- depth details about the subject.
The communication, journalism and management colleges in India provide courses in film direction and train the students according to the requirement of the industry. The students taking admission in the film direction courses, needs to make sure that are not only getting attracted to the glamour part of the industry, but also want to put the best of their efforts with the production of innovative results. Directing and producing a film, requires a lot of hard work, but at the end it is very rewarding and paves the route of success for the aspirants. There are many institutes and colleges in India, which are run by famous directors or producers of the Indian film industry, to produce the best of the talents for their future use. Such colleges, makes it possible for the students to gain direct knowledge from the industry experts and practise it in their career.
Few of the top most film making colleges in India, are:
v Film and Television Institute of India, Pune
v Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute, kolkata
v Whistling Woods International , Mumbai
v Asian Academy of Film and Television, Film City, Noida
v Centre for Research in Art of Film and Television (CRAFT), New Delhi
v National School of Drama, New Delhi
v Flash Frame Visuals Academy of Film & Video Editing , Bangalore
v Xavier's Institute of Communications, Mumbai
v Indian Institute of Mass Communication, New Delhi
v Zee Institute of Media Arts(ZIMA), Mumbai
All the above mentioned film making institutes are best known in the country and the students taking education from these colleges have proved their excellence in their respective fields. Film direction involves the training of fields like:
v Acting
v Editing
v Cinematography
v Sound- recording
v Art direction
v Audiography
v Event management, etc.
Combing the above mentioned elements, a student can tend to become a trained and a professional artist. The students are made to learn all the factors, leading to completion and finishing of the movie, so that they can give their hundred per cent contribution towards the making of the movie. The colleges in India are all committed at making the students of the country experts in their field and giving out the professionals to the film industry. Its true, acting, singing and dancing have been the priorities of the students, but with changing times, the interests of the students have also shifted to the direction and making part of the films. In such a case, getting educated from the expertise of the field makes the student take more interest and instil a filtered and practical knowledge for their future commencement.
The communication, journalism and management colleges in India provide courses in film direction and train the students according to the requirement of the industry. The students taking admission in the film direction courses, needs to make sure that are not only getting attracted to the glamour part of the industry, but also want to put the best of their efforts with the production of innovative results. Directing and producing a film, requires a lot of hard work, but at the end it is very rewarding and paves the route of success for the aspirants. There are many institutes and colleges in India, which are run by famous directors or producers of the Indian film industry, to produce the best of the talents for their future use. Such colleges, makes it possible for the students to gain direct knowledge from the industry experts and practise it in their career.
Few of the top most film making colleges in India, are:
v Film and Television Institute of India, Pune
v Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute, kolkata
v Whistling Woods International , Mumbai
v Asian Academy of Film and Television, Film City, Noida
v Centre for Research in Art of Film and Television (CRAFT), New Delhi
v National School of Drama, New Delhi
v Flash Frame Visuals Academy of Film & Video Editing , Bangalore
v Xavier's Institute of Communications, Mumbai
v Indian Institute of Mass Communication, New Delhi
v Zee Institute of Media Arts(ZIMA), Mumbai
All the above mentioned film making institutes are best known in the country and the students taking education from these colleges have proved their excellence in their respective fields. Film direction involves the training of fields like:
v Acting
v Editing
v Cinematography
v Sound- recording
v Art direction
v Audiography
v Event management, etc.
Combing the above mentioned elements, a student can tend to become a trained and a professional artist. The students are made to learn all the factors, leading to completion and finishing of the movie, so that they can give their hundred per cent contribution towards the making of the movie. The colleges in India are all committed at making the students of the country experts in their field and giving out the professionals to the film industry. Its true, acting, singing and dancing have been the priorities of the students, but with changing times, the interests of the students have also shifted to the direction and making part of the films. In such a case, getting educated from the expertise of the field makes the student take more interest and instil a filtered and practical knowledge for their future commencement.
Queen Mary University of London
With an exception to the other UK Universities offering MBA in UK, the School of Business and Management of the Queen Mary University of London offers Masters in fields like International Financial Management, International Human Resource Management and Employment Relations, Management and Organization and Marketing.
All these courses are spread over a one year term starting in September. The deadline for applying to the University's postgraduate course is 31st May. These courses follow the semester system involving class lectures, presentations etc. Towards the end of the course the candidates are required to do project work based on their discretion of the topic. The final assessment of the student is based on the class performance as well as the thesis or project work undertaken.
The tuition fee for the above mentioned courses is around ₤ 13,000 for international applicants, however it may vary for applicants from UK or EU.
Eligibility criteria:
For being eligible to a postgraduate course, the basic requirement is to have gained a minimum level of work experience in your chosen field of study. The number of years of work experience required for entry to a particular course would differ from course to course and for different colleges.
The applicant must have a good first Degree meeting the University's standard.
The English competency requirements should be met i.e. having an appropriate score in IELTS, TOEFL, IBTOEFL ( Internet Based TOEFL). For the postgraduate management program, the requirements are an IELTS score of 7 and TOEFL score of 600.
The University offers a pre-session English course for the applicants having secured an IELTS score of 7 or close to7 for variable durations of 1 month, 2 months and more. This course aims at improving the overall English language skills of the candidates applying for different courses.
Scholarship Schemes:
The Queen Mary University of London has multiple scholarship schemes, some of these are funded by the University while some scholarships are granted by external agencies like the British government, UNESCO and other voluntary organizations. These scholarships are different for students from different countries. The country specific scholarships are aimed at encouraging students from various developing countries to study in UK.
Career Guidance and Placement Initiatives:
The Career Advisory Services are being provided to the existing students of QM. All the courses have been designed with a view to meeting the present industry requirements. Through a network of the alumni association, industry exposure through seminars etc. the students acquire first hand market knowledge. Further, the brand value of the University attracts companies from all over the world for recruitment. It has also initiated QUEDOS (Queen Mary Centre for Enterprise and Development Opportunities in Society) to help its students attain their career goals. The University has its own job site where the students can find employment opportunities matching their requirements and thus gain experience along with studies.
All these courses are spread over a one year term starting in September. The deadline for applying to the University's postgraduate course is 31st May. These courses follow the semester system involving class lectures, presentations etc. Towards the end of the course the candidates are required to do project work based on their discretion of the topic. The final assessment of the student is based on the class performance as well as the thesis or project work undertaken.
The tuition fee for the above mentioned courses is around ₤ 13,000 for international applicants, however it may vary for applicants from UK or EU.
Eligibility criteria:
For being eligible to a postgraduate course, the basic requirement is to have gained a minimum level of work experience in your chosen field of study. The number of years of work experience required for entry to a particular course would differ from course to course and for different colleges.
The applicant must have a good first Degree meeting the University's standard.
The English competency requirements should be met i.e. having an appropriate score in IELTS, TOEFL, IBTOEFL ( Internet Based TOEFL). For the postgraduate management program, the requirements are an IELTS score of 7 and TOEFL score of 600.
The University offers a pre-session English course for the applicants having secured an IELTS score of 7 or close to7 for variable durations of 1 month, 2 months and more. This course aims at improving the overall English language skills of the candidates applying for different courses.
Scholarship Schemes:
The Queen Mary University of London has multiple scholarship schemes, some of these are funded by the University while some scholarships are granted by external agencies like the British government, UNESCO and other voluntary organizations. These scholarships are different for students from different countries. The country specific scholarships are aimed at encouraging students from various developing countries to study in UK.
Career Guidance and Placement Initiatives:
The Career Advisory Services are being provided to the existing students of QM. All the courses have been designed with a view to meeting the present industry requirements. Through a network of the alumni association, industry exposure through seminars etc. the students acquire first hand market knowledge. Further, the brand value of the University attracts companies from all over the world for recruitment. It has also initiated QUEDOS (Queen Mary Centre for Enterprise and Development Opportunities in Society) to help its students attain their career goals. The University has its own job site where the students can find employment opportunities matching their requirements and thus gain experience along with studies.
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Bow tie – It’s different from the regular neck tie
Submitted by Olivia
Tue, 13 Jun 2006
If you are tired off with the same pattern of tying a neck tie each time, you can simply change a little to your routine with the help of bow tie. Bow tie is one of the fashion accessories worn with suits or dinner jackets. It is made up of a ribbon fabric that could be tied around the collar in a symmetrical manner so that the two opposite ends form loops.
There are ready-tied bow ties where a distinctive bow is sewn into shape and the band tied around neck has a clip. Bow ties could be made of silk, polyester or mix of fabrics. Tying a bow tie is also not so difficult that you can’t tie it yourself. After wearing your outfit or formal wear just follow the below mentioned instructions:
1. You should start with the left end that should be 4 cm longer than the right end. Then slip the short end under the long end.
2. Next you need to choose how much loose you want the tie to be. You can take the collar button as the reference point and finish crossing the long end over the short end.
3. Still holding the tie at the button to keep it loose, you need to slip the long end under the short end.
4. Zig-zag the end on your chest whereby one fold is the wide part of the tie.
5. After you finish the Zig–zag, fold the long flap over the front of tie.
6. Pinch the front of the tie in half and then swing the long flap to the right.
7. Push the pinched corner through the hole and flatten the right half of the front.
8. Slip a finger into the left bow and even up the three layers on the right half while pulling the left bow through the hole.
9. Grip all the three layers on the right and pull the left bow through the hole.
10. Then you need to flatten the left half of the front and straighten the tie.
11. Next tuck the shirt points between tie’s thin strip and the bow tie.
12. You have completed the entire process and if you want to untie pull the single ends. That’s it.
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Bow tie – It’s different from the regular neck tie
Submitted by Olivia
Tue, 13 Jun 2006
If you are tired off with the same pattern of tying a neck tie each time, you can simply change a little to your routine with the help of bow tie. Bow tie is one of the fashion accessories worn with suits or dinner jackets. It is made up of a ribbon fabric that could be tied around the collar in a symmetrical manner so that the two opposite ends form loops.
There are ready-tied bow ties where a distinctive bow is sewn into shape and the band tied around neck has a clip. Bow ties could be made of silk, polyester or mix of fabrics. Tying a bow tie is also not so difficult that you can’t tie it yourself. After wearing your outfit or formal wear just follow the below mentioned instructions:
1. You should start with the left end that should be 4 cm longer than the right end. Then slip the short end under the long end.
2. Next you need to choose how much loose you want the tie to be. You can take the collar button as the reference point and finish crossing the long end over the short end.
3. Still holding the tie at the button to keep it loose, you need to slip the long end under the short end.
4. Zig-zag the end on your chest whereby one fold is the wide part of the tie.
5. After you finish the Zig–zag, fold the long flap over the front of tie.
6. Pinch the front of the tie in half and then swing the long flap to the right.
7. Push the pinched corner through the hole and flatten the right half of the front.
8. Slip a finger into the left bow and even up the three layers on the right half while pulling the left bow through the hole.
9. Grip all the three layers on the right and pull the left bow through the hole.
10. Then you need to flatten the left half of the front and straighten the tie.
11. Next tuck the shirt points between tie’s thin strip and the bow tie.
12. You have completed the entire process and if you want to untie pull the single ends. That’s it.
Grammar in the Classroom
When creating your own material in the classroom, the most important thing to do is to make sure the students are aware of just what is being taught. The simplest way to do this is to introduce the form.
Use more than one grammar point
Unlike many textbooks, I find it is useful to compare two grammar points together if possible. An example would be present simple against present continuous. This is one of the benefits of knowing your students as it allows you to decide just how far you can push them when designing your own material. I often create material combining up to four grammar points into one lesson if I feel my students can deal with it.
Focus on form not function
I will use present simple and present continuous as an example. The introduction of these forms should focus on affirmative statements, negative, statements, and questions. Remember at this point, I just want students to understand the form, not the function.
After I have defined the simple and continuous to the students, I then make sure they can easily reproduce it. Don't spend to long introducing them verbally to the form of the grammar. It is best to have your material push students to produce the form as soon as they can. I may do ones set of 6 sentences on the board as an example for the students, then do the first set of 6 from the worksheet together, before requesting them to attempt to do the rest amongst themselves.
Examples
In general, my worksheets dealing with tense would have 10 sets of 6 examples of form. Hers is an example of the first set of 6.
1. (A) The students __________________(go) to class everyday. They love to study.
2. (N) The students __________________(go) to class everyday. They don't like the teacher.
3. (?) __________ the students__________(go) to class everyday?
4. (A) Look! The students ____________________ (go) to class early. They really want to study.
5. (N) The students ____________________ (go) to class early today. They are too tired.
6. (?) Where __________ the students ________________now?
Obviously you want to use ensure that do/does and is/am/are are used throughout the exercises.
Vocabulary and pictures
I find it is best to try and keep the vocabulary under the same general topic to help students relate to any new words they may be exposed to. To complete the first section of your worksheet, add some nice clip art pictures.
Once the students have gone through the 60 exercise questions and I have had them read them allowed and made sure the majority of the students have a strong understanding of the form, I will then move onto the function. Up to now my material has just be focused on the form.
Use more than one grammar point
Unlike many textbooks, I find it is useful to compare two grammar points together if possible. An example would be present simple against present continuous. This is one of the benefits of knowing your students as it allows you to decide just how far you can push them when designing your own material. I often create material combining up to four grammar points into one lesson if I feel my students can deal with it.
Focus on form not function
I will use present simple and present continuous as an example. The introduction of these forms should focus on affirmative statements, negative, statements, and questions. Remember at this point, I just want students to understand the form, not the function.
After I have defined the simple and continuous to the students, I then make sure they can easily reproduce it. Don't spend to long introducing them verbally to the form of the grammar. It is best to have your material push students to produce the form as soon as they can. I may do ones set of 6 sentences on the board as an example for the students, then do the first set of 6 from the worksheet together, before requesting them to attempt to do the rest amongst themselves.
Examples
In general, my worksheets dealing with tense would have 10 sets of 6 examples of form. Hers is an example of the first set of 6.
1. (A) The students __________________(go) to class everyday. They love to study.
2. (N) The students __________________(go) to class everyday. They don't like the teacher.
3. (?) __________ the students__________(go) to class everyday?
4. (A) Look! The students ____________________ (go) to class early. They really want to study.
5. (N) The students ____________________ (go) to class early today. They are too tired.
6. (?) Where __________ the students ________________now?
Obviously you want to use ensure that do/does and is/am/are are used throughout the exercises.
Vocabulary and pictures
I find it is best to try and keep the vocabulary under the same general topic to help students relate to any new words they may be exposed to. To complete the first section of your worksheet, add some nice clip art pictures.
Once the students have gone through the 60 exercise questions and I have had them read them allowed and made sure the majority of the students have a strong understanding of the form, I will then move onto the function. Up to now my material has just be focused on the form.
Girls' Education in Pakistan
Girls' education is not given so much importance in Pakistan as compared to that of sons. Girls are not treated well in homes due to their feminism. They don't enjoy the basic human rights of good food, education, health and freedom.
That is the reason the percentage of girls' education is not so high in the country. In big cities the condition is a little better but in rural areas it is worse. Although Islam stresses the education of both sexes yet parents don't pay attention towards their education. The reason is they think that girls are an economic burden on them so they should get rid of this burden as soon as possible.
There is no use or outcome of girls' education. After marriage they will be departed and will benefit their husbands with their qualification. Keeping in mind this view they deprive girls of their right to get education. In big cities people have understood the importance of education for girls. So here females are sent to schools and colleges for higher education.
They are encouraged to choose the profession of their own choice if they are interested in job. Teaching, medical profession and engineering are considered the respectable professions in the society. But girls are joining other departments too such as, army, pilots, air hostess, acting, showbiz, writing and journalism. Fashion designing is the profession in which girls of new era are very much interested. But while going out to get education they have to follow certain rules. They have to show modesty, use long gown with scarf to hide them.
They can't talk to unknown persons seductively. Otherwise their education will be banned for ever. After education girls are free to enter in professional field or to remain inside the house. It is up to them. Still there is lot of to be done for the betterment of rural girls so that they can join the main stream of progress of country.
That is the reason the percentage of girls' education is not so high in the country. In big cities the condition is a little better but in rural areas it is worse. Although Islam stresses the education of both sexes yet parents don't pay attention towards their education. The reason is they think that girls are an economic burden on them so they should get rid of this burden as soon as possible.
There is no use or outcome of girls' education. After marriage they will be departed and will benefit their husbands with their qualification. Keeping in mind this view they deprive girls of their right to get education. In big cities people have understood the importance of education for girls. So here females are sent to schools and colleges for higher education.
They are encouraged to choose the profession of their own choice if they are interested in job. Teaching, medical profession and engineering are considered the respectable professions in the society. But girls are joining other departments too such as, army, pilots, air hostess, acting, showbiz, writing and journalism. Fashion designing is the profession in which girls of new era are very much interested. But while going out to get education they have to follow certain rules. They have to show modesty, use long gown with scarf to hide them.
They can't talk to unknown persons seductively. Otherwise their education will be banned for ever. After education girls are free to enter in professional field or to remain inside the house. It is up to them. Still there is lot of to be done for the betterment of rural girls so that they can join the main stream of progress of country.
Friday, August 13, 2010
Traditional Education
These days, the internet has grown into a veritable wealth of information for college seekers. Everything from applying for financial aid to taking a course can be accomplished online. Now, a student can even obtain life experience online degrees from one of many schools offering online education as a viable alternative to a traditional classroom education. How different are these two methods of teaching, and do either prove better for the student? There's an abundance of information regarding online education, and distance education is becoming increasingly popular for students everywhere.
First and foremost, there are some obvious benefits in obtaining online degrees. For example, juggling a job, school and a home can be very difficult as far as commuting to the classroom every day. With online education, you eliminate the need to attend classes, and instead access your coursework from an internet website. This presents an obvious benefit to the overworked college student because his commute is basically slashed in half. What's more, many distance education programs allow students to complete the coursework any time during the day, while still adhering to overall deadlines. This allows for flexibility that a traditional classroom setting can
ordinarily not provide.
However, is an online education truly comparable to the type of education a student would receive in an actual classroom? Many professionals in the field say yes, and certainly students seeking online degrees can confirm this response. Not only does online learning provide a stimulating environment for students, but it promotes even interaction among every student because everyone has a say in classroom discussions. What's more, online education programs allow each student to learn with the methods that work best for them. Plus, many employers respect online degrees as much as a traditional college degree, so there's really no difference in the amount of education or respect a student
will receive when attending an online college.
While traditional colleges will never be eliminated, there's definitely been an increase in the amount of students attending online colleges in recent years. Many people choose to follow the online education route for the diversity of material they can find, or because the teachers are more approachable via the internet than they would be in a classroom setting. Students definitely need discipline and self-motivation to succeed in obtaining online degrees, but there's still the same level of help and support from teachers and students online that there would be in a classroom. What's more, internet college students are learning skills that will be beneficial to them in the workforce and beyond because of the way technology is evolving today.
Online degrees are becoming an increasingly popular way to obtain a college education and many students are turning to online education because of the quality of material, convenience and the level of flexibility inherent in distance education programs. Because there's no distinct differences between an online education and a traditional education, students are assured they are receiving the same kind of education that they would in a brick and mortar setting. There are definite benefits to online degree programs, and students with discipline and motivation can and will succeed greatly in online education programs.
First and foremost, there are some obvious benefits in obtaining online degrees. For example, juggling a job, school and a home can be very difficult as far as commuting to the classroom every day. With online education, you eliminate the need to attend classes, and instead access your coursework from an internet website. This presents an obvious benefit to the overworked college student because his commute is basically slashed in half. What's more, many distance education programs allow students to complete the coursework any time during the day, while still adhering to overall deadlines. This allows for flexibility that a traditional classroom setting can
ordinarily not provide.
However, is an online education truly comparable to the type of education a student would receive in an actual classroom? Many professionals in the field say yes, and certainly students seeking online degrees can confirm this response. Not only does online learning provide a stimulating environment for students, but it promotes even interaction among every student because everyone has a say in classroom discussions. What's more, online education programs allow each student to learn with the methods that work best for them. Plus, many employers respect online degrees as much as a traditional college degree, so there's really no difference in the amount of education or respect a student
will receive when attending an online college.
While traditional colleges will never be eliminated, there's definitely been an increase in the amount of students attending online colleges in recent years. Many people choose to follow the online education route for the diversity of material they can find, or because the teachers are more approachable via the internet than they would be in a classroom setting. Students definitely need discipline and self-motivation to succeed in obtaining online degrees, but there's still the same level of help and support from teachers and students online that there would be in a classroom. What's more, internet college students are learning skills that will be beneficial to them in the workforce and beyond because of the way technology is evolving today.
Online degrees are becoming an increasingly popular way to obtain a college education and many students are turning to online education because of the quality of material, convenience and the level of flexibility inherent in distance education programs. Because there's no distinct differences between an online education and a traditional education, students are assured they are receiving the same kind of education that they would in a brick and mortar setting. There are definite benefits to online degree programs, and students with discipline and motivation can and will succeed greatly in online education programs.
Free Online Tests
Taking free career tests is no enlarger a recent idea to persons herewith a standard as well as regular job, but many seem to question their real assessments.
Numbers of persons commenced their career with lots of passion, but become mislaid or confused when they are beat by some aggravation. Some may even take decision to relinquish in a tremendous state of affairs. At such moments, free online tests might be a successful track to get you out of your falsehood.
There are many free career tests, and you can take them either in a career testing center or online. There are no exact or erroneous answers, but the answers you bestow can tell plenty about whether you should get going to a different career or simply endeavor harder in your close by one.
More often than not, even if you take a test premeditated and construed by a professional for instance a career counselor, you can expect unfailing outcome. Nonetheless, you can also find some extreme good free online test. Like the paid ones, many of the free tests do not take long to answer and you can effortlessly follow the online directives. Some sites even interpret your outcomes right after you accomplish with your answers.
Measure up to the paid ones; nevertheless, many free job tests are not unvarying. They may be associated with a disclaimer that the outcome should only be used as a reference, and you in fact cannot censure the sites. Therefore, it is very essential that you read the results with plenty of cautions, and better to merge them with the professional advice from someone for example a career counselor. You should also be conscious that even liable usual tests should not be viewed as an oracle that has to be arduously followed.
There are also some sites which provide free tests only as a teaser, and they are questions and test items that may perk your concentration. As a matter of fact, these Interview questions may just be a diminutive fraction of a more reliable and all-inclusive career assistance package being offered for a value.
Sometimes, it creates sense to register with job sites that offer wide ranging services. You may have to pay a fee for that, but, if you screen watchfully, what you pay may well be worth it. In the end, your career is part of your life and you want that part to be enjoying and gratifying.
If you opt for care, free online test can do you as good as the paid ones. Just keep in mind to utilize the results intelligently and always get the succor from the career professionals even though your career complications are made serious. In any case, it can be expressively, physically and financially costly to stop the progress of an erroneous job.
Numbers of persons commenced their career with lots of passion, but become mislaid or confused when they are beat by some aggravation. Some may even take decision to relinquish in a tremendous state of affairs. At such moments, free online tests might be a successful track to get you out of your falsehood.
There are many free career tests, and you can take them either in a career testing center or online. There are no exact or erroneous answers, but the answers you bestow can tell plenty about whether you should get going to a different career or simply endeavor harder in your close by one.
More often than not, even if you take a test premeditated and construed by a professional for instance a career counselor, you can expect unfailing outcome. Nonetheless, you can also find some extreme good free online test. Like the paid ones, many of the free tests do not take long to answer and you can effortlessly follow the online directives. Some sites even interpret your outcomes right after you accomplish with your answers.
Measure up to the paid ones; nevertheless, many free job tests are not unvarying. They may be associated with a disclaimer that the outcome should only be used as a reference, and you in fact cannot censure the sites. Therefore, it is very essential that you read the results with plenty of cautions, and better to merge them with the professional advice from someone for example a career counselor. You should also be conscious that even liable usual tests should not be viewed as an oracle that has to be arduously followed.
There are also some sites which provide free tests only as a teaser, and they are questions and test items that may perk your concentration. As a matter of fact, these Interview questions may just be a diminutive fraction of a more reliable and all-inclusive career assistance package being offered for a value.
Sometimes, it creates sense to register with job sites that offer wide ranging services. You may have to pay a fee for that, but, if you screen watchfully, what you pay may well be worth it. In the end, your career is part of your life and you want that part to be enjoying and gratifying.
If you opt for care, free online test can do you as good as the paid ones. Just keep in mind to utilize the results intelligently and always get the succor from the career professionals even though your career complications are made serious. In any case, it can be expressively, physically and financially costly to stop the progress of an erroneous job.
Spanish Quickly at Home
Ensuring you make the right choice, when choosing a method for learning Spanish at home, is absolutely vital if you are thinking about learning the language quickly and correctly.
You will need a course that will not only help you to speak Spanish quickly and well but one that will enable you to understand the spoken word and teach you to write in a structured manner. You will often find that many courses are generally stronger in one of these three areas than the other two, what you will need is a course that provides exactly what is necessary...a complete tuition.
Personal tutors have been a favourite option for a lot of people for a long time and this is because learning Spanish using one-to-one tutoring does provide exceptional results. However, cost is an issue for many people and it would be necessary, in order to reach a good level of Spanish fluency quickly, to require a great number of tutoring
hours...which could run the bill up pretty high!
Another option are night or day classes, they have been a well travelled path for many of those wishing to learn Spanish and there is no disputing the benefits of the social aspect of learning in this manner, but yet again, although cheaper than private tuition, they can still be on the pricey side and they generally tend to run alongside a school semester, so there are also limitations regarding the speed at which Spanish can be learnt.
However, all is not lost, far and away the most successful approach to learning Spanish fast is to use a learn Spanish software program. Often purchased as a downloadable course, these courses can also be shipped as a physical product, although this does increase the cost!
The benefits of using a learn Spanish software program become apparent as soon as you start to use one. The flexibility they offer cannot be matched by either private or classroom tuition which are both governed by appointments and timetables, respectively. You are also able to learn at a pace that suits
you, as you can study as much, or little, as you desire.
Cost is another major factor as learn Spanish software programs can be extremely affordable when compared to the ongoing cost of tutoring and classes, especially if you do your research and choose wisely.
Popularity is often used as a benchmark of success and online Spanish courses are certainly successful having become the most popular method of Spanish tuition used today.
The problem facing people looking for a course to use is the wealth of choice available to them and many people simply decide to buy either the best known or, most heavily advertised programs of the time which are normally very expensive. With some research and a little bit of patience, more affordable courses can be found that provide excellent quality learning material at a fraction of the cost.
You will need a course that will not only help you to speak Spanish quickly and well but one that will enable you to understand the spoken word and teach you to write in a structured manner. You will often find that many courses are generally stronger in one of these three areas than the other two, what you will need is a course that provides exactly what is necessary...a complete tuition.
Personal tutors have been a favourite option for a lot of people for a long time and this is because learning Spanish using one-to-one tutoring does provide exceptional results. However, cost is an issue for many people and it would be necessary, in order to reach a good level of Spanish fluency quickly, to require a great number of tutoring
hours...which could run the bill up pretty high!
Another option are night or day classes, they have been a well travelled path for many of those wishing to learn Spanish and there is no disputing the benefits of the social aspect of learning in this manner, but yet again, although cheaper than private tuition, they can still be on the pricey side and they generally tend to run alongside a school semester, so there are also limitations regarding the speed at which Spanish can be learnt.
However, all is not lost, far and away the most successful approach to learning Spanish fast is to use a learn Spanish software program. Often purchased as a downloadable course, these courses can also be shipped as a physical product, although this does increase the cost!
The benefits of using a learn Spanish software program become apparent as soon as you start to use one. The flexibility they offer cannot be matched by either private or classroom tuition which are both governed by appointments and timetables, respectively. You are also able to learn at a pace that suits
you, as you can study as much, or little, as you desire.
Cost is another major factor as learn Spanish software programs can be extremely affordable when compared to the ongoing cost of tutoring and classes, especially if you do your research and choose wisely.
Popularity is often used as a benchmark of success and online Spanish courses are certainly successful having become the most popular method of Spanish tuition used today.
The problem facing people looking for a course to use is the wealth of choice available to them and many people simply decide to buy either the best known or, most heavily advertised programs of the time which are normally very expensive. With some research and a little bit of patience, more affordable courses can be found that provide excellent quality learning material at a fraction of the cost.
Building and Design
If you have been looking for a new career, this can be for a number of different reasons. People who answer questions about why they are unhappy with their present positions normally refer to the facts that they are not getting paid enough and that they don't find their jobs to be fulfilling. This can cause people stress, anxiety, and even depression.
It's necessary that people have jobs that make them feel valued. They need to be able to go to work every day knowing that they are helping people and that they are getting paid what they are worth. You may think that in today's economy this is impossible to come by. This is not the case, however. There is a world of opportunity in the building and design industry. In order to be a part of the future, however, you need to take the LEED exam.
By taking the LEED exam, you will be preparing yourself for the new swing toward the green economy. If you are reading this article, then chances are that you are still learning about the building and design field. The truth is that there are big changes occurring that are forcing a lot of the experienced professionals to go back into training. All professionals have to learn now how to design buildings that are energy efficient. There is no better way to do this than to become LEED certified. This is the only way to show employers and clients that you understand the problems of today and tomorrow.
Before you take the LEED exam, you will have to go through training. The only other way to take the exam is to get hours of LEED project experience. Unfortunately, this kind of opportunity is not available to just anyone, especially to those who are just starting out in the field. By going through LEED training, you are bypassing this step and digging right in. During the training, you get classroom time, when you learn the basics of building science, energy conservation, and the LEED rating system.
Once you take the LEED exam, you will then be certified at the Green Associate level. This means that you have proven an excellent comprehensive knowledge and understanding of the LEED rating system, building science, and energy efficiency. You will be able to advise builders and designers. You will also be first in line for promotions and new positions. This is the best way to get your foot in the door and make sure that you leave your mark.
It's necessary that people have jobs that make them feel valued. They need to be able to go to work every day knowing that they are helping people and that they are getting paid what they are worth. You may think that in today's economy this is impossible to come by. This is not the case, however. There is a world of opportunity in the building and design industry. In order to be a part of the future, however, you need to take the LEED exam.
By taking the LEED exam, you will be preparing yourself for the new swing toward the green economy. If you are reading this article, then chances are that you are still learning about the building and design field. The truth is that there are big changes occurring that are forcing a lot of the experienced professionals to go back into training. All professionals have to learn now how to design buildings that are energy efficient. There is no better way to do this than to become LEED certified. This is the only way to show employers and clients that you understand the problems of today and tomorrow.
Before you take the LEED exam, you will have to go through training. The only other way to take the exam is to get hours of LEED project experience. Unfortunately, this kind of opportunity is not available to just anyone, especially to those who are just starting out in the field. By going through LEED training, you are bypassing this step and digging right in. During the training, you get classroom time, when you learn the basics of building science, energy conservation, and the LEED rating system.
Once you take the LEED exam, you will then be certified at the Green Associate level. This means that you have proven an excellent comprehensive knowledge and understanding of the LEED rating system, building science, and energy efficiency. You will be able to advise builders and designers. You will also be first in line for promotions and new positions. This is the best way to get your foot in the door and make sure that you leave your mark.
annamalai university
ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY is one of the largest universities in India today and it offers a large number of courses as part of the Distance Education - DDE programs.
The Annamalai University owes its existence to the farsighted vision, enlightened wisdom, benefaction and philanthropy of a single individual – Dr. Rajah Sir Annamalai Chettiar of Chettinad. As early as 1920, he founded the Sri Meenakshi College at Chidambaram, a great pilgrimage centre and also a centre for South Indian traditional culture and learning.
In 1928, the Annamalai University Act was passed and Sri Meenakshi College became the nucleus for the University which is unitary, residential, rural in its settings and progressive in its outlook. During his tenure as Pro-Chancellor for 19 years he paid immaculate care and detailed attention to the growth and development of the University in every field.
He paid great attention in the appointment of Vice-Chancellors. Equal attention was also paid by him in the appointment of enlightened staff, especially the Professors and Heads of Departments. The Professors of Annamalai University were always scholars and scientists of great renown in their own field.
The University which started with only seven departments in 1929 has, over the last 80 years, developed into a mighty institution of higher learning with nearly 49 Departments, in all 9 Faculties.
This is one of the very few institutions in India with all the Faculties located in the same campus.
The University can be proud of a well equipped Central Library and Laboratories providing very good facilities for taking up research projects, for Ph.D. and Post-Doctoral work. Several Research Projects have been undertaken by various Faculties funded by several agencies including the State and Central Governments.
Annamalai provides courses like Postgraduate Degree Programmes in Applied Psychology, Physics, Chemistry, Zoology, Botany, Bioinformatics and Law through Distance Education mode.
The Directorate of Distance Education is also offering the Programmes on Fashion Design, Textile Design, Interior Design, Hotel Management and Catering Technology Programmes, Retail Management, Twinning Programme, Programmes on Health Science, Commonwealth Youth Programme, Yoga, Music, Fire and Safety, Pharmaceutical and Taxation Programmes.
The Annamalai University owes its existence to the farsighted vision, enlightened wisdom, benefaction and philanthropy of a single individual – Dr. Rajah Sir Annamalai Chettiar of Chettinad. As early as 1920, he founded the Sri Meenakshi College at Chidambaram, a great pilgrimage centre and also a centre for South Indian traditional culture and learning.
In 1928, the Annamalai University Act was passed and Sri Meenakshi College became the nucleus for the University which is unitary, residential, rural in its settings and progressive in its outlook. During his tenure as Pro-Chancellor for 19 years he paid immaculate care and detailed attention to the growth and development of the University in every field.
He paid great attention in the appointment of Vice-Chancellors. Equal attention was also paid by him in the appointment of enlightened staff, especially the Professors and Heads of Departments. The Professors of Annamalai University were always scholars and scientists of great renown in their own field.
The University which started with only seven departments in 1929 has, over the last 80 years, developed into a mighty institution of higher learning with nearly 49 Departments, in all 9 Faculties.
This is one of the very few institutions in India with all the Faculties located in the same campus.
The University can be proud of a well equipped Central Library and Laboratories providing very good facilities for taking up research projects, for Ph.D. and Post-Doctoral work. Several Research Projects have been undertaken by various Faculties funded by several agencies including the State and Central Governments.
Annamalai provides courses like Postgraduate Degree Programmes in Applied Psychology, Physics, Chemistry, Zoology, Botany, Bioinformatics and Law through Distance Education mode.
The Directorate of Distance Education is also offering the Programmes on Fashion Design, Textile Design, Interior Design, Hotel Management and Catering Technology Programmes, Retail Management, Twinning Programme, Programmes on Health Science, Commonwealth Youth Programme, Yoga, Music, Fire and Safety, Pharmaceutical and Taxation Programmes.
Human Society
Education must make a human being more humane, but if it is not the case then certainly there are basic flaws in our education system. Indeed, it depicts the brim picture of the educational system. Now, we experience that education has nothing to do with the basic human values and elements. It has become a play of gaining pelf and power. Many more things are being attributed with the education.
Education must make a man more elastic and flexible so that he may be well-adapted with the existing environment and, of course, be able to acquire and sprout new creative ideas. What does it mean by creative ideas? Well, the ideas which bring forth mirth and inspiration into the learners' mind. But it is not taking place. After acquiring certain sorts of education people are seen getting distracted from their folks and becoming self-centered in their attitude and affinity. They have nothing to do with society and nation.
Having received certain kinds of education, the learners cease to behave like a true human and begin to consider themselves mere-earning-machine. In a nut shell, it can be said that they want to axe their grind and they want to quench their thirst by earning more and more money at any cost. They are not ready to comprise with their coziness and always seem discontented and distracted. Earning money is not a bad idea but it must be based on pious means. Pious means means that it should not be earned by exploiting another human. It should not be based on amoral ways.
It is a pity that attaining of education has become a game and has turned into a full-fledged industry. By using money power education is received and after acquiring the same money with interest is taken from the society in various forms. It can be termed commercialization of education which is very dangerous for the very fabric of human societies. In the race of commercialization and snatching more and more booty from the ocean of pelf the so called educated people have forgotten that they are in real terms, assailing at the root of sublime thought of education.
Education must make a man more elastic and flexible so that he may be well-adapted with the existing environment and, of course, be able to acquire and sprout new creative ideas. What does it mean by creative ideas? Well, the ideas which bring forth mirth and inspiration into the learners' mind. But it is not taking place. After acquiring certain sorts of education people are seen getting distracted from their folks and becoming self-centered in their attitude and affinity. They have nothing to do with society and nation.
Having received certain kinds of education, the learners cease to behave like a true human and begin to consider themselves mere-earning-machine. In a nut shell, it can be said that they want to axe their grind and they want to quench their thirst by earning more and more money at any cost. They are not ready to comprise with their coziness and always seem discontented and distracted. Earning money is not a bad idea but it must be based on pious means. Pious means means that it should not be earned by exploiting another human. It should not be based on amoral ways.
It is a pity that attaining of education has become a game and has turned into a full-fledged industry. By using money power education is received and after acquiring the same money with interest is taken from the society in various forms. It can be termed commercialization of education which is very dangerous for the very fabric of human societies. In the race of commercialization and snatching more and more booty from the ocean of pelf the so called educated people have forgotten that they are in real terms, assailing at the root of sublime thought of education.
Digital Photography
Digital cameras have been with us for many years now and is a favourite carry for people on holiday to capture those moments which will be treasured in the future and for family generations to look back and discus
Digital photography began when digital cameras became commercially available sometime in the late
1980s to the mid-1990s.
Since then, a lot of people have put away their film cameras in favor of the digital camera.
Digital photography is the act of taking pictures and saving it into a digital format on a memory card.
Most people prefer the digital format over film for several reasons:
1. Seeing the results of a digital photograph is instantaneous.
After the shot is taken, the photographer can immediately
see and decide if he or she does or doesn't like the results.
2. One significant advantage is that it is much cheaper than film.
When using film, one has to print all the photographs taken
including the failures which can't be seen until they are
processed.
3. Another reason why people prefer digital photographs than
film ones is that there are a variety of ways in
sharing a digital photograph.
You can send it through it e-mail, burn it to a disc, or print it.
Digital cameras have been with us for many years now and is a favourite carry for people on holiday to capture those moments which will be treasured in the future and for family generations to look back and discuss.
It’s so easy now to take photographs of friends and family. With no need load film at that vital moment. All you do is point and click.
A digital camera can be ready at any time, as long as the batteries are good and in the case of
rechargeable batteries remain charged.
This is a great way to keep a record of your children–their growth, their birthdays, the important events in their lives.
They give us an electronic record of those magic moments. You can save them for posterity on a disc, print on your own printer to build into the traditional album. send them by email to friends and family.
You can connect them into your television and show to your friends and family on a large screen.
This website is a place where you can find out how to improve your photography with tips on how to get started to take family snapshops or take on more challenging photography projects with confidence.
It will link you to other sites for information and where you can purchase the latest cameras, accessories and many advanced courses in Digital Photography
It gives guidance from introduction to digital imageing like:
- Introduction to digital photography
- Digital camers buying guide
- Digital camera care and maintenance Parts of a digital camera
- The difference between a Digital and film camers
- Storage types for your digital images
- The history of digital photography
- What image format do I use
- Editing your digital images
- Introduction to Digital Photography
- How to compose your scene before prssing the button
Go have a look and improve how you should use the Digital Camera.
Digital photography began when digital cameras became commercially available sometime in the late
1980s to the mid-1990s.
Since then, a lot of people have put away their film cameras in favor of the digital camera.
Digital photography is the act of taking pictures and saving it into a digital format on a memory card.
Most people prefer the digital format over film for several reasons:
1. Seeing the results of a digital photograph is instantaneous.
After the shot is taken, the photographer can immediately
see and decide if he or she does or doesn't like the results.
2. One significant advantage is that it is much cheaper than film.
When using film, one has to print all the photographs taken
including the failures which can't be seen until they are
processed.
3. Another reason why people prefer digital photographs than
film ones is that there are a variety of ways in
sharing a digital photograph.
You can send it through it e-mail, burn it to a disc, or print it.
Digital cameras have been with us for many years now and is a favourite carry for people on holiday to capture those moments which will be treasured in the future and for family generations to look back and discuss.
It’s so easy now to take photographs of friends and family. With no need load film at that vital moment. All you do is point and click.
A digital camera can be ready at any time, as long as the batteries are good and in the case of
rechargeable batteries remain charged.
This is a great way to keep a record of your children–their growth, their birthdays, the important events in their lives.
They give us an electronic record of those magic moments. You can save them for posterity on a disc, print on your own printer to build into the traditional album. send them by email to friends and family.
You can connect them into your television and show to your friends and family on a large screen.
This website is a place where you can find out how to improve your photography with tips on how to get started to take family snapshops or take on more challenging photography projects with confidence.
It will link you to other sites for information and where you can purchase the latest cameras, accessories and many advanced courses in Digital Photography
It gives guidance from introduction to digital imageing like:
- Introduction to digital photography
- Digital camers buying guide
- Digital camera care and maintenance Parts of a digital camera
- The difference between a Digital and film camers
- Storage types for your digital images
- The history of digital photography
- What image format do I use
- Editing your digital images
- Introduction to Digital Photography
- How to compose your scene before prssing the button
Go have a look and improve how you should use the Digital Camera.
Bayeux Tapestry
The Bayeux Tapestry is a picture story on linen of one of the most exciting events in history. It shows us 72 scenes of the conquest of England, in the year 1066. It was in this year that the Normans sailed against England from their home in northern France. The tapestry is a strip of cloth 20 inches wide, and it rolls out to a length of 23 1 feet, which is longer than a city block. The tapestry was forgotten for centuries. Later, it was found again among the treasures of the Cathedral at Bayeux, in France.
What is most remarkable about this beautiful work of art is that it was probably done by people who lived when these great events took place. As a result we are able to see how men of that time dressed, fought their battles, and died. Without the tapestry we would know much less about this important time. It shows us the weapons, the armor, and the kinds of ships that were used eight hundred years ago. The English wear mustaches, and the hair of the Normans is shaved all the way up the back of their heads.
On this long strip of linen we can count 1,512 figures of buildings, men, ships, trees, horses, dogs, and other animals. The figures are worked with a needle over the linen, like embroidery. (In a true tapestry, the pictures are part of the cloth.) Eight colors of smooth wool were used to bring the Conquest story to life. The artist used his color boldly. A man's hair is made green or blue, yellow or red. Some horses are partly blue, and partly red. The tapestry shows us the story of a great battle. Duke William and his Normans cross the English Channel in their great fleet of ships. Harold, the new English king, comes with his men to driveout the Normans. William, who wants to be king of England, has brought a large army of horsemen, and archers with their bows and arrows.
On the field of Hastings, the armies of Harold and William meet. The battle is fierce. The tapestry shows us William's men charging on their horses. Harold's army stands solidly with their large shields together. They swing mighty two-handed battle axes, but Duke William's horsemen break into the English line, and kill many of them. We see horses overturned, arrows sticking into shields, and dying men trampled underfoot. The English fight on until Harold is wounded in the eye with an arrow. While he tries to pull the arrow out, he is slain. The English have no leader and they flee. The battle is over, and here the tapestry ends. The tapestry is still kept in the town of Bayeux.
What is most remarkable about this beautiful work of art is that it was probably done by people who lived when these great events took place. As a result we are able to see how men of that time dressed, fought their battles, and died. Without the tapestry we would know much less about this important time. It shows us the weapons, the armor, and the kinds of ships that were used eight hundred years ago. The English wear mustaches, and the hair of the Normans is shaved all the way up the back of their heads.
On this long strip of linen we can count 1,512 figures of buildings, men, ships, trees, horses, dogs, and other animals. The figures are worked with a needle over the linen, like embroidery. (In a true tapestry, the pictures are part of the cloth.) Eight colors of smooth wool were used to bring the Conquest story to life. The artist used his color boldly. A man's hair is made green or blue, yellow or red. Some horses are partly blue, and partly red. The tapestry shows us the story of a great battle. Duke William and his Normans cross the English Channel in their great fleet of ships. Harold, the new English king, comes with his men to driveout the Normans. William, who wants to be king of England, has brought a large army of horsemen, and archers with their bows and arrows.
On the field of Hastings, the armies of Harold and William meet. The battle is fierce. The tapestry shows us William's men charging on their horses. Harold's army stands solidly with their large shields together. They swing mighty two-handed battle axes, but Duke William's horsemen break into the English line, and kill many of them. We see horses overturned, arrows sticking into shields, and dying men trampled underfoot. The English fight on until Harold is wounded in the eye with an arrow. While he tries to pull the arrow out, he is slain. The English have no leader and they flee. The battle is over, and here the tapestry ends. The tapestry is still kept in the town of Bayeux.
Medical Coding Course
You will find hundreds of medical coding courses over the internet. But how to judge which one is better than the other. Here are a few things you can expect out of a good medical coding course:
• A good medical coding school will never enforce its curriculum over the students. A good school will understand that different students have different priorities so keeping apart the basic courses they will let the students decide which advanced courses they want to go for. This will allow the students to avoid unnecessary courses thus saving
valuable time and money.
• Many schools deceive the students claiming that by completing their courses they will earn certifications. Whereas the fact is that no course can give the students certifications instead they can just give the students a certificate of course completion. Thus a lot of students get fooled by these biased claims made by medical coding schools.
• A typical medical billing course can be completed in around 12 to 18 months. With some students taking lot of courses at a time and finishing it within a year and some students stretching it as much as 2 years. A good training school always understands that different students have different learning capabilities so it allows students to pace their studies as per their convenience. This is a very important aspect of a
training course.
• You will find all kind of courses on the internet. Some may be costly while others may not be. Remember higher price doesn’t always mean better quality. Make sure that the course you are choosing doesn’t charge you much and gives good quality education. This can be achieved by talking to people who have taken these online courses and taking their valuable advice regarding the quality and cost of the medical coding course you have selected.
• A good medical coding school will never enforce its curriculum over the students. A good school will understand that different students have different priorities so keeping apart the basic courses they will let the students decide which advanced courses they want to go for. This will allow the students to avoid unnecessary courses thus saving
valuable time and money.
• Many schools deceive the students claiming that by completing their courses they will earn certifications. Whereas the fact is that no course can give the students certifications instead they can just give the students a certificate of course completion. Thus a lot of students get fooled by these biased claims made by medical coding schools.
• A typical medical billing course can be completed in around 12 to 18 months. With some students taking lot of courses at a time and finishing it within a year and some students stretching it as much as 2 years. A good training school always understands that different students have different learning capabilities so it allows students to pace their studies as per their convenience. This is a very important aspect of a
training course.
• You will find all kind of courses on the internet. Some may be costly while others may not be. Remember higher price doesn’t always mean better quality. Make sure that the course you are choosing doesn’t charge you much and gives good quality education. This can be achieved by talking to people who have taken these online courses and taking their valuable advice regarding the quality and cost of the medical coding course you have selected.
Public Domain Ebooks
Facts. How did you know about it? Let's say for instance, about life? We all know that the basic unit of life is the cell. A group of cells made up tissue. And a group of tissue made up organ systems. And when these are connected to each other, function as a group, they made up an organism. Where did you know about these? In school? From your teachers? Where did the teachers got these information? We could say, then, that books had it all. Well, this is how important books are. Those books are copyrighted, but since the knowledge that we can get from it is not copyrighted, therefore, we can say that it is part of the public domain materials. But, how about if you can't have time to go to the library to look and read for books? Let me tell you, internet can give you time for books.
There are many audio books that you can download online. What, then, is it? This is actually a book that are usually read by a human voice who had volunteered to read the book free of charge. In this way, you can find a book online at online bookstores. You can find multiple versions of a particular book in an audio book format that are all free for the public.
We all know that the internet has done us very progressive. We can learn much in school, also with the internet. There are tons of information available in the public domain that are used in education and daily life. Because of this, there is a market of these works. As a result, marketers take this as an opportunity. There are many marketers of individuals that take information in the public domain and sell it for personal gain. This is not illegal. In fact, many individuals had done this, also with other companies. Also, there are lots of business that are dedicated to this alone. Take an example. A student needed money quickly and wanted to do a quick flip. What he did was copy and paste three public domain books into a site. He made 900 pages of Public Domain content, and he added it to his AdSense ads, and put a "For Sale" sign on the site. And the site was sold for $1,500. Isn't it amazing? This is how e-books work. This would be a great help for those who want to earn money. Without sweat, just a few clicks, and, that's it. You just find an e-book, republish it and make money as quick as this day.
There are many audio books that you can download online. What, then, is it? This is actually a book that are usually read by a human voice who had volunteered to read the book free of charge. In this way, you can find a book online at online bookstores. You can find multiple versions of a particular book in an audio book format that are all free for the public.
We all know that the internet has done us very progressive. We can learn much in school, also with the internet. There are tons of information available in the public domain that are used in education and daily life. Because of this, there is a market of these works. As a result, marketers take this as an opportunity. There are many marketers of individuals that take information in the public domain and sell it for personal gain. This is not illegal. In fact, many individuals had done this, also with other companies. Also, there are lots of business that are dedicated to this alone. Take an example. A student needed money quickly and wanted to do a quick flip. What he did was copy and paste three public domain books into a site. He made 900 pages of Public Domain content, and he added it to his AdSense ads, and put a "For Sale" sign on the site. And the site was sold for $1,500. Isn't it amazing? This is how e-books work. This would be a great help for those who want to earn money. Without sweat, just a few clicks, and, that's it. You just find an e-book, republish it and make money as quick as this day.
Saturday, July 10, 2010
The History of the Chair
From each of the furniture needs, the chair may be of the most importance. While many other forms (apart from the bed) are devised to support objects, the chair supports the human form. The term chair should be viewed here in the most open sense, from stool to throne to derivative items like the bench or sofa, which might be viewed as extended or connected chairs, and whose character (i.e., whether they are intended for sitting or reclining) is not obviously definitive.
The social history of the chair is as stimulating as its history as a creative craft. The chair is not just a physical support or an aesthetic creation; it can also be symbolic of social standing. In the old royal courts there were clear differences between being seated on a chair with arms, sitting on a chair with a back but without arms, and having to cope with a stool. Since the recent century, the director's and/or manager's chair has been regarded as an indicator of superior dignity, like in democratic governments the speaker sits on a high-set platform.
As its furniture creation, the chair can be utilised for a variety of variations. There are chairs created to fit man's age and physical form (the high chair, the wheelchair) and to show his position in society (the executive chair, the throne). Since historical days there were chairs used for birth (birth chairs); from the 20th century, there have been chairs to die in (the electric chair). There are chairs with one, two, three, and/or four legs, chairs with or without arms, and chairs with or without backs. We can make chairs that can be folded, chairs on wheels, and chairs on runners.
Modern day living has designated new chairs for automobiles and aircraft. All of these chair forms has perfected to match to differing human desires. From its unique association with man, the chair exists to its full importance only when in use. Although it does not make a difference to one's appreciation of a cupboard or a set of drawers if there might be items inside or not, a chair is best seen and clearly evaluated with a person sitting on it, for chair and sitter need one another. Thus the various areas of the chair have been given names according to the elements of the human parts: arms, legs, feet, back, and seat.
Because the obvious role of a chair is to support our human body, its credit is judged firstly from how suitably it fulfills this practical role. In the structure of the chair, the builder is restricted for particular static legislation and principal measurements. In these restrictions, however, the chair creator has marvellous freedom.
The history of the chair lasts over dates of several thousand years. There are civilizations that created unique chair shapes, expressions of the leading object in the arenas of technique and aesthetics. Within such societies, a mention can be made of ancient Egypt and Greece; China; Spain and The Netherlands in the 17th century; England in the 18th century; and France in the 18th century during the lifetimes of Louis XV and Louis XVI.
EgyptTwo ancient Egyptian chair forms, both the result of skilled make, were found from tombs. The first of them is a four-legged chair with a back, the other a folding stool. The classical Egyptian chair has four legs structured like those of some animal, a curved seat, and leading to a sloping back supported by vertical stretchers. In this way a strong triangular structure was crafted. There was in our understanding no noteworthy variation between the construction of Egyptian thrones and chairs for regular populace. The main change was in the intricacy of its ornamentation, in the evidence of pricier inlays. The Egyptian folding stool most probably was designed for an easily packed seat for army. As a camp stool that kind stayed until much later points in time. But the stool then was designed for the character of a ceremonial seat, its mechanical history as a folding stool being forgotten. This can from today's evidence be observed, from as early as 1366–57 BC in two stools, created in ebony with ivory inlay decoration and gold mounts, from the tomb of Tutankhamen. They are constructed in the construction of folding stools but cannot be folded because the seats were created of wood. The simple make of the folding stool, consisting of two frames that rotate on metal bolts and support a seat of leather or fabric fastened between them, is seen at some time later during the Bronze Age folding chairs of Scandinavia and northern Germany. The most well known of this type is the folding stool, of ashwood, which can now be found at Guldhøj (National Museum in Copenhagen).
Greece and RomeThe iconic Greek chair, the klismos, is recognised not in any ancient object still extant but in a trove of pictorial objects. The iconic kind is the klismos posited on the Hegeso Stele at the Dipylon burial location just out of Athens (c. 410 BC). It is a chair with a backward-sloping, curved backboard and four curving legs, only two of these legs were visible. These creative legs were considered to have been executed out of bent wood and were probably bore a large amount of pressure from the weight of the sitter. The joints fastening the legs to the frame of the seat had to be therefore extremely solid and were overtly signified.
The Romans embued the Greek design; evidence of statues of seated Romans show chairs of a more heavyset and in appearance slightly less intricately crafted klismos. Both kinds, the light and the heavy, were popularised in the Classicist time. The klismos design is seen in French Empire design, in English Regency, and in some special forms of marked individuality within Denmark and Sweden around 1800.
ChinaThe history of the chair in China is not able to be charted as far back as in Egypt and Greece. From the Tang dynasty (AD 618–907) an unscathed series of images and artworks had been preserved, displaying the interiors and exteriors of Chinese households and the designs of furniture. Kept also since the 16th century are a number of chairs made from wood or lacquered wood, that possess an astonishing likeness to designs of older chairs.
As was the case in Egypt, two chair designs persisted in China: a chair having four legs and a folding stool. That chair is designed both with or without arms but always having the square seat and straight stiles (vertical side supports) to support the back. In one type, however, the stiles were delicately curved over the arms so as to suit the angle of the S-shaped back splat (the main upright of the chairback). Together, the three limbs were mortised in the yoke-like top rail. While the design of a back splat later had an introduction for English chairs in the Queen Anne period, wooden pieces that only just to a restricted capability embolden corner joints (and then are loose additionally) represent a design exclusive to Chinese chairs. The four legs sit through the seat frame, which closes around the rounded staves. Every member is round in section or have rounded edges—acknowledging perchance to the bamboo tradition. The seat is unpleasant to sit in and might have had a plaited bottom. These chairs required the sitter to remain stiff and upright; if too much weight is exerted on the back, the chair has a way of collapsing. In patriarchal Chinese households of this epoch armchairs presumably were reserved only for elderly people, for they were esteemed greatly.
The Chinese folding stool is understood to have come to China from the West. It does not differ that much from the Egyptian or Scandinavian folding stools, but it has a change in that the top rail is elegantly held to the two legs of the stool by use of a curved member, which is often possessing metal mounts. From a Western point of view the overall effect of these furniture styles is stylized. The construction and decoration parts are combined in a way that is all at once naïve and refined. The piecemeal appearance is an outcome of the way that the individual members do not appear to have been constructed by either glue or screws, but have been mortised onto one another and locked into place in the style of a Chinese puzzle.
Spain: 17th centuryThe Golden Age of Spain during the 17th century also left its mark on the chair. Works of art project a kind of chair with a relatively unrefined wooden frame; a back and seat, nailed on, with two layers of leather, with horsehair stuffing in the layers, stitched to produce a pattern of little pads. The front board and a corresponding board from the back could be folded after unscrewing some small iron hooks. Thus the chair was a portable piece of furniture while traveling which, in the same time, possessed the status of a four-legged, high-backed armchair.
The Netherlands: 17th centuryA low, square, upholstered kind of chair is seen in engravings of interiors of rich Dutch homes by Abraham Bosse, a French artist, and also in paintings by the Dutch artists Johannes Vermeer and Gerard Terborch. Although this type of chair is also seen in countries in which Dutch styles of interior decoration and Dutch furniture won critical acclaim, it is not decided that the form actually began in The Netherlands. Typically, the legs of the chair will be smooth, round in section, and of slender dimensions; they are in some cases baluster-shaped (vase-shaped) or twisted. It is unquestionably a bourgeois piece of furniture and was manufactured in considerable quantities, as evidenced from one of Abraham Bosse's engravings, in which a whole row of these chairs lined up by a wall. The design asserts itself by its elegant proportions and fine upholstery in gilt leather or fabric edged with fringes.
France and England: 17th and 18th centuriesThe French Rococo chair in its most mature of styles—that is, as brought out in Paris around 1750—disseminated over most of Europe and was imitated or copied into the mid-20th century. The style owes its popularity to a combination of comfort and delicacy. The seat adheres to the human body and permits a relaxed seated position. The back is bow-shaped, the legs curved. Typically the seat and back are upholstered, and there are little upholstered pads covering the armrests. Smooth transitions are made between seat frame, legs, and back conceal all the joints, which are solidly constructed on craftsmanlike practices even with the absence of stretchers between the legs.
French Rococo chairs and imitations thereof are made from wood of quite thick density; but each member is deeply molded, all extra wood has been sanded away, and finer items would be further embellished with highly delicate and decorative engravings. The wood could be varnished, stained, painted, or gilded. Silk damask or tapestry should be used for all upholstery on the seat, back, and armrests; cane is in some cases used rather than upholstery.
English chairs from the 18th century were more variable in design than the French. The French taste for stylistic uniformity, which came from the premier circles in Paris and Versailles over most of France and became the favourite in several parts of the Continent, had no parallel in England. Prior to 1740, the most commonly used wood was walnut; thereafter, and for the rest of the century, it was mahogany. Walnut, though beautiful in hue, was soft and therefore less suited to wood carving than to rounded, curving forms. Outer surfaces, such as the back and seat frame, were usually veneered. During the walnut period, highly overstuffed armchairs, covered with leather or embroidered material, were also developed. The best upholstery of this period is precisely and firmly modelled and accentuated by braiding or tacks. When imports of mahogany became common, no specifically new chair designs appeared, but the character of the woodwork changed. Mahogany, having a firmer, closer grain, could be cut thinner, which meant that individual parts of the chair could be more slender in shape. Mahogany also lent itself better to carving than walnut. Carving was concentrated more on the arms and back than on the legs, which as a rule were straight and smooth with chamfered (bevelled) edges and molding. There was a wealth of variety in chairback designs, featuring elegant, pierced, vase-shaped splats or two upright posts connected by horizontal slats (ladderback).
Alongside the French Rococo chair and the best English chairs in walnut and mahogany, the stick-back chair was relatively unaffected by the stylistic changes of the day. Originally a medieval form, known, for example, from paintings by Pieter Bruegel the Elder and still found in mid-20th century in the churches and inns of southern Europe, the stick-back chair (in all of its variations) consists basically of a solid, saddle-shaped seat into which the legs, back staves, and possibly the armrests are directly mortised. This typically peasant form underwent a renewal and a process of refinement in England and America during the 18th century. Under the name Windsor chair (a term that seems to have been used for the first time in 1731) or Philadelphia chair, it became popularised and was widely distributed throughout the world.
Late 18th to 20th centuryIn the Neoclassical period, no basic changes took place in chair forms, but legs became straight and dimensions lighter. Backs in the shape of classical vases replaced the fanciful outlines of the Rococo period. Around 1800, freely executed imitations of Greek and Roman chairs of the klismos type, with curved legs and backrest, appeared. French chairs of the Empire period, executed in dark mahogany and embellished with ornate bronze mounts, created a ponderous effect.
In cheaper products of inferior workmanship, bourgeois chairs of the 19th century carried on the traditions of the 17th and 18th centuries. The only real innovations were the bentwood (wood that has been bent and shaped) chairs in beech that became popular all over the world and were still made in the 20th century. Around 1900 the continental Art Nouveau and Jugendstil styles (French and German styles characterized by organic foliate forms, sinuous lines, and non-geometric forms), and the Arts and Crafts movement in England (established by the English poet and decorator William Morris to reintroduce idealized standards of medieval craftsmanship), gave rise to original chair designs by Eugène Gaillard in France, Henry van de Velde in Belgium, Josef Hoffman in Austria, Antonio Gaudà in Spain, and Charles Rennie Mackintosh in Scotland. These new furniture styles did not exercise wide, let alone decisive, influence. The Art Nouveau chairs designed by the French architect Hector Guimard, for example, are collector's pieces, but his name is known to a broader public only because of his fanciful entrances to the Paris Métro.
ModernAfter World War I, the Bauhaus school in Germany became a creative centre for revolutionary thinking, resulting, for example, in tubular steel chairs designed by the architects Marcel Breuer, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and others. During World War II, the aircraft industry accelerated the development of laminated wood and molded plastic furniture. The dominant chair forms of this period go back to designs by Alvar Aalto, Bruno Mathsson, and Charles and Ray Eames. Rapid technical developments, in conjunction with an ever-increasing interest in human-factors engineering, or ergonomics, purport that completely new chair forms will probably be evolved in the future.For a great deal on executive furniture in Melbourne contact Fast Office Furniture
today and check our specials.
The social history of the chair is as stimulating as its history as a creative craft. The chair is not just a physical support or an aesthetic creation; it can also be symbolic of social standing. In the old royal courts there were clear differences between being seated on a chair with arms, sitting on a chair with a back but without arms, and having to cope with a stool. Since the recent century, the director's and/or manager's chair has been regarded as an indicator of superior dignity, like in democratic governments the speaker sits on a high-set platform.
As its furniture creation, the chair can be utilised for a variety of variations. There are chairs created to fit man's age and physical form (the high chair, the wheelchair) and to show his position in society (the executive chair, the throne). Since historical days there were chairs used for birth (birth chairs); from the 20th century, there have been chairs to die in (the electric chair). There are chairs with one, two, three, and/or four legs, chairs with or without arms, and chairs with or without backs. We can make chairs that can be folded, chairs on wheels, and chairs on runners.
Modern day living has designated new chairs for automobiles and aircraft. All of these chair forms has perfected to match to differing human desires. From its unique association with man, the chair exists to its full importance only when in use. Although it does not make a difference to one's appreciation of a cupboard or a set of drawers if there might be items inside or not, a chair is best seen and clearly evaluated with a person sitting on it, for chair and sitter need one another. Thus the various areas of the chair have been given names according to the elements of the human parts: arms, legs, feet, back, and seat.
Because the obvious role of a chair is to support our human body, its credit is judged firstly from how suitably it fulfills this practical role. In the structure of the chair, the builder is restricted for particular static legislation and principal measurements. In these restrictions, however, the chair creator has marvellous freedom.
The history of the chair lasts over dates of several thousand years. There are civilizations that created unique chair shapes, expressions of the leading object in the arenas of technique and aesthetics. Within such societies, a mention can be made of ancient Egypt and Greece; China; Spain and The Netherlands in the 17th century; England in the 18th century; and France in the 18th century during the lifetimes of Louis XV and Louis XVI.
EgyptTwo ancient Egyptian chair forms, both the result of skilled make, were found from tombs. The first of them is a four-legged chair with a back, the other a folding stool. The classical Egyptian chair has four legs structured like those of some animal, a curved seat, and leading to a sloping back supported by vertical stretchers. In this way a strong triangular structure was crafted. There was in our understanding no noteworthy variation between the construction of Egyptian thrones and chairs for regular populace. The main change was in the intricacy of its ornamentation, in the evidence of pricier inlays. The Egyptian folding stool most probably was designed for an easily packed seat for army. As a camp stool that kind stayed until much later points in time. But the stool then was designed for the character of a ceremonial seat, its mechanical history as a folding stool being forgotten. This can from today's evidence be observed, from as early as 1366–57 BC in two stools, created in ebony with ivory inlay decoration and gold mounts, from the tomb of Tutankhamen. They are constructed in the construction of folding stools but cannot be folded because the seats were created of wood. The simple make of the folding stool, consisting of two frames that rotate on metal bolts and support a seat of leather or fabric fastened between them, is seen at some time later during the Bronze Age folding chairs of Scandinavia and northern Germany. The most well known of this type is the folding stool, of ashwood, which can now be found at Guldhøj (National Museum in Copenhagen).
Greece and RomeThe iconic Greek chair, the klismos, is recognised not in any ancient object still extant but in a trove of pictorial objects. The iconic kind is the klismos posited on the Hegeso Stele at the Dipylon burial location just out of Athens (c. 410 BC). It is a chair with a backward-sloping, curved backboard and four curving legs, only two of these legs were visible. These creative legs were considered to have been executed out of bent wood and were probably bore a large amount of pressure from the weight of the sitter. The joints fastening the legs to the frame of the seat had to be therefore extremely solid and were overtly signified.
The Romans embued the Greek design; evidence of statues of seated Romans show chairs of a more heavyset and in appearance slightly less intricately crafted klismos. Both kinds, the light and the heavy, were popularised in the Classicist time. The klismos design is seen in French Empire design, in English Regency, and in some special forms of marked individuality within Denmark and Sweden around 1800.
ChinaThe history of the chair in China is not able to be charted as far back as in Egypt and Greece. From the Tang dynasty (AD 618–907) an unscathed series of images and artworks had been preserved, displaying the interiors and exteriors of Chinese households and the designs of furniture. Kept also since the 16th century are a number of chairs made from wood or lacquered wood, that possess an astonishing likeness to designs of older chairs.
As was the case in Egypt, two chair designs persisted in China: a chair having four legs and a folding stool. That chair is designed both with or without arms but always having the square seat and straight stiles (vertical side supports) to support the back. In one type, however, the stiles were delicately curved over the arms so as to suit the angle of the S-shaped back splat (the main upright of the chairback). Together, the three limbs were mortised in the yoke-like top rail. While the design of a back splat later had an introduction for English chairs in the Queen Anne period, wooden pieces that only just to a restricted capability embolden corner joints (and then are loose additionally) represent a design exclusive to Chinese chairs. The four legs sit through the seat frame, which closes around the rounded staves. Every member is round in section or have rounded edges—acknowledging perchance to the bamboo tradition. The seat is unpleasant to sit in and might have had a plaited bottom. These chairs required the sitter to remain stiff and upright; if too much weight is exerted on the back, the chair has a way of collapsing. In patriarchal Chinese households of this epoch armchairs presumably were reserved only for elderly people, for they were esteemed greatly.
The Chinese folding stool is understood to have come to China from the West. It does not differ that much from the Egyptian or Scandinavian folding stools, but it has a change in that the top rail is elegantly held to the two legs of the stool by use of a curved member, which is often possessing metal mounts. From a Western point of view the overall effect of these furniture styles is stylized. The construction and decoration parts are combined in a way that is all at once naïve and refined. The piecemeal appearance is an outcome of the way that the individual members do not appear to have been constructed by either glue or screws, but have been mortised onto one another and locked into place in the style of a Chinese puzzle.
Spain: 17th centuryThe Golden Age of Spain during the 17th century also left its mark on the chair. Works of art project a kind of chair with a relatively unrefined wooden frame; a back and seat, nailed on, with two layers of leather, with horsehair stuffing in the layers, stitched to produce a pattern of little pads. The front board and a corresponding board from the back could be folded after unscrewing some small iron hooks. Thus the chair was a portable piece of furniture while traveling which, in the same time, possessed the status of a four-legged, high-backed armchair.
The Netherlands: 17th centuryA low, square, upholstered kind of chair is seen in engravings of interiors of rich Dutch homes by Abraham Bosse, a French artist, and also in paintings by the Dutch artists Johannes Vermeer and Gerard Terborch. Although this type of chair is also seen in countries in which Dutch styles of interior decoration and Dutch furniture won critical acclaim, it is not decided that the form actually began in The Netherlands. Typically, the legs of the chair will be smooth, round in section, and of slender dimensions; they are in some cases baluster-shaped (vase-shaped) or twisted. It is unquestionably a bourgeois piece of furniture and was manufactured in considerable quantities, as evidenced from one of Abraham Bosse's engravings, in which a whole row of these chairs lined up by a wall. The design asserts itself by its elegant proportions and fine upholstery in gilt leather or fabric edged with fringes.
France and England: 17th and 18th centuriesThe French Rococo chair in its most mature of styles—that is, as brought out in Paris around 1750—disseminated over most of Europe and was imitated or copied into the mid-20th century. The style owes its popularity to a combination of comfort and delicacy. The seat adheres to the human body and permits a relaxed seated position. The back is bow-shaped, the legs curved. Typically the seat and back are upholstered, and there are little upholstered pads covering the armrests. Smooth transitions are made between seat frame, legs, and back conceal all the joints, which are solidly constructed on craftsmanlike practices even with the absence of stretchers between the legs.
French Rococo chairs and imitations thereof are made from wood of quite thick density; but each member is deeply molded, all extra wood has been sanded away, and finer items would be further embellished with highly delicate and decorative engravings. The wood could be varnished, stained, painted, or gilded. Silk damask or tapestry should be used for all upholstery on the seat, back, and armrests; cane is in some cases used rather than upholstery.
English chairs from the 18th century were more variable in design than the French. The French taste for stylistic uniformity, which came from the premier circles in Paris and Versailles over most of France and became the favourite in several parts of the Continent, had no parallel in England. Prior to 1740, the most commonly used wood was walnut; thereafter, and for the rest of the century, it was mahogany. Walnut, though beautiful in hue, was soft and therefore less suited to wood carving than to rounded, curving forms. Outer surfaces, such as the back and seat frame, were usually veneered. During the walnut period, highly overstuffed armchairs, covered with leather or embroidered material, were also developed. The best upholstery of this period is precisely and firmly modelled and accentuated by braiding or tacks. When imports of mahogany became common, no specifically new chair designs appeared, but the character of the woodwork changed. Mahogany, having a firmer, closer grain, could be cut thinner, which meant that individual parts of the chair could be more slender in shape. Mahogany also lent itself better to carving than walnut. Carving was concentrated more on the arms and back than on the legs, which as a rule were straight and smooth with chamfered (bevelled) edges and molding. There was a wealth of variety in chairback designs, featuring elegant, pierced, vase-shaped splats or two upright posts connected by horizontal slats (ladderback).
Alongside the French Rococo chair and the best English chairs in walnut and mahogany, the stick-back chair was relatively unaffected by the stylistic changes of the day. Originally a medieval form, known, for example, from paintings by Pieter Bruegel the Elder and still found in mid-20th century in the churches and inns of southern Europe, the stick-back chair (in all of its variations) consists basically of a solid, saddle-shaped seat into which the legs, back staves, and possibly the armrests are directly mortised. This typically peasant form underwent a renewal and a process of refinement in England and America during the 18th century. Under the name Windsor chair (a term that seems to have been used for the first time in 1731) or Philadelphia chair, it became popularised and was widely distributed throughout the world.
Late 18th to 20th centuryIn the Neoclassical period, no basic changes took place in chair forms, but legs became straight and dimensions lighter. Backs in the shape of classical vases replaced the fanciful outlines of the Rococo period. Around 1800, freely executed imitations of Greek and Roman chairs of the klismos type, with curved legs and backrest, appeared. French chairs of the Empire period, executed in dark mahogany and embellished with ornate bronze mounts, created a ponderous effect.
In cheaper products of inferior workmanship, bourgeois chairs of the 19th century carried on the traditions of the 17th and 18th centuries. The only real innovations were the bentwood (wood that has been bent and shaped) chairs in beech that became popular all over the world and were still made in the 20th century. Around 1900 the continental Art Nouveau and Jugendstil styles (French and German styles characterized by organic foliate forms, sinuous lines, and non-geometric forms), and the Arts and Crafts movement in England (established by the English poet and decorator William Morris to reintroduce idealized standards of medieval craftsmanship), gave rise to original chair designs by Eugène Gaillard in France, Henry van de Velde in Belgium, Josef Hoffman in Austria, Antonio Gaudà in Spain, and Charles Rennie Mackintosh in Scotland. These new furniture styles did not exercise wide, let alone decisive, influence. The Art Nouveau chairs designed by the French architect Hector Guimard, for example, are collector's pieces, but his name is known to a broader public only because of his fanciful entrances to the Paris Métro.
ModernAfter World War I, the Bauhaus school in Germany became a creative centre for revolutionary thinking, resulting, for example, in tubular steel chairs designed by the architects Marcel Breuer, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and others. During World War II, the aircraft industry accelerated the development of laminated wood and molded plastic furniture. The dominant chair forms of this period go back to designs by Alvar Aalto, Bruno Mathsson, and Charles and Ray Eames. Rapid technical developments, in conjunction with an ever-increasing interest in human-factors engineering, or ergonomics, purport that completely new chair forms will probably be evolved in the future.For a great deal on executive furniture in Melbourne contact Fast Office Furniture
today and check our specials.
Vanuatu Nation
Vanuatu is an interesting nation living on the island in the South Pacific. It is also one of the smallest countries in the world. But for those interested in adventure and sport, there is a lot to do. Some of the best snorkelling and sea kayaking can be found here. Vanuatu's islands also offer visitors two of the most exciting -- and dangerous -- activities in the world: volcano surfing and land diving.
On Tanna Island, Mount Yasur rises 300 meters (1,000 feet) into the sky. Yasur is an active volcano, and it erupts almost every day, sometimes several times a day. For centuries, both island locals and visitors have climbed this mountain to visit the top. Recently, people have also started climbing Yasur to surf the volcano. In some ways, volcano surfing is like surfing in the sea, but in other ways it's very different. A volcano surfer's goal is to escape the erupting volcano -- without getting hit by flying rocks! It's fast, fun, and dangerous -- the perfect extreme sport.
Most people are familiar with bungee jumping, but did you know bungee jumping started on Pentecost Island in Vanuatu and is almost fifteen centuries old? The original activity, called land diving, is part of a religious ceremony. A man ties tree vines to his legs. He then jumps head first from a high tower. The goal: to touch the earth with the top of his head -- without breaking the vine and hitting the ground hard. Every spring, island natives (men only) still perform this amazing test of strength.
On Tanna Island, Mount Yasur rises 300 meters (1,000 feet) into the sky. Yasur is an active volcano, and it erupts almost every day, sometimes several times a day. For centuries, both island locals and visitors have climbed this mountain to visit the top. Recently, people have also started climbing Yasur to surf the volcano. In some ways, volcano surfing is like surfing in the sea, but in other ways it's very different. A volcano surfer's goal is to escape the erupting volcano -- without getting hit by flying rocks! It's fast, fun, and dangerous -- the perfect extreme sport.
Most people are familiar with bungee jumping, but did you know bungee jumping started on Pentecost Island in Vanuatu and is almost fifteen centuries old? The original activity, called land diving, is part of a religious ceremony. A man ties tree vines to his legs. He then jumps head first from a high tower. The goal: to touch the earth with the top of his head -- without breaking the vine and hitting the ground hard. Every spring, island natives (men only) still perform this amazing test of strength.
A Fantastic Sensory Table Activity
The preschool sand and water table is truly an innovative sensory learning center that can be filled with many different materials for children to explore. Broadly, a sand and water table creates hands on play, whereby preschool children play with objects at the table while naturally increasing sensory development, motor skill development and coordination.
Colored Pasta Activity
In reality, many items can be put into the sand and water table to keep it an interesting, dynamic place for children to play. Try filling the sand and water table with bags of dry, multi-colored, multi-shaped pasta for a fun variation on the sand and water table theme.
Sorting by Color
Sorting is a perfect activity for preschool children. A table full of pretty colored pasta will draw them in, begging to be sorted into matching colors. Provide small cups for them to put pasta of the same color in, and then ask them to count how many they found of each color.
Sorting by Shape
The pasta sorting can be taken to the next level if you provide pasta of different shapes. Once the children sort the pasta by colors into the cups provided, they can further sort the pasta by different shapes. Then, ask them to count how many round, red pasta shapes, then how many blue round shapes. Providing a wide variety of colors and shapes allows for hours or even days of fun with sorting activities.
Using the Senses
Invite the children to close their eyes while they dig their hands into the pasta. Have them pick up individual pieces and feel the edges with their fingers. Ask them to notice if the pasta is pointy or soft, smooth or rough. Ask them if they can tell what shape the pasta is with their eyes closed, or if they can guess the color of the pasta they're holding. They can also play with the sounds pasta makes when it is poured from a cup held above the table. Ask them if the sound is similar to other sounds they know.
Pasta Pros and Cons
One advantage of using multi-colored and multi-shaped pasta for sand and water table exploration is that it is dry and easy to clean up. If it gets wet, it is less likely than rice to grow harmful bacteria. However, its small shape does make it a possible choking hazard, so it may not be suitable for younger preschool children who are still putting everything in their mouths. The upside is that it is edible, should a student decide to experiment with their sense of taste.
Changing up the contents of the sand and water table helps keep this important preschool fixture fresh and inviting. Sand and water activities can be used for free play, as well as for asking questions about the materials and encouraging the children to use all of their senses while playing.
Need a sensory table for your preschool classroom? Looking for other teaching resources? MPMSchoolSupplies.com is the perfect one-stop-shop for all your classroom needs! They offer everything from kids chalk and chalk holders, to construction paper, classroom furniture, and much more! Save 10% on your first order!
Colored Pasta Activity
In reality, many items can be put into the sand and water table to keep it an interesting, dynamic place for children to play. Try filling the sand and water table with bags of dry, multi-colored, multi-shaped pasta for a fun variation on the sand and water table theme.
Sorting by Color
Sorting is a perfect activity for preschool children. A table full of pretty colored pasta will draw them in, begging to be sorted into matching colors. Provide small cups for them to put pasta of the same color in, and then ask them to count how many they found of each color.
Sorting by Shape
The pasta sorting can be taken to the next level if you provide pasta of different shapes. Once the children sort the pasta by colors into the cups provided, they can further sort the pasta by different shapes. Then, ask them to count how many round, red pasta shapes, then how many blue round shapes. Providing a wide variety of colors and shapes allows for hours or even days of fun with sorting activities.
Using the Senses
Invite the children to close their eyes while they dig their hands into the pasta. Have them pick up individual pieces and feel the edges with their fingers. Ask them to notice if the pasta is pointy or soft, smooth or rough. Ask them if they can tell what shape the pasta is with their eyes closed, or if they can guess the color of the pasta they're holding. They can also play with the sounds pasta makes when it is poured from a cup held above the table. Ask them if the sound is similar to other sounds they know.
Pasta Pros and Cons
One advantage of using multi-colored and multi-shaped pasta for sand and water table exploration is that it is dry and easy to clean up. If it gets wet, it is less likely than rice to grow harmful bacteria. However, its small shape does make it a possible choking hazard, so it may not be suitable for younger preschool children who are still putting everything in their mouths. The upside is that it is edible, should a student decide to experiment with their sense of taste.
Changing up the contents of the sand and water table helps keep this important preschool fixture fresh and inviting. Sand and water activities can be used for free play, as well as for asking questions about the materials and encouraging the children to use all of their senses while playing.
Need a sensory table for your preschool classroom? Looking for other teaching resources? MPMSchoolSupplies.com is the perfect one-stop-shop for all your classroom needs! They offer everything from kids chalk and chalk holders, to construction paper, classroom furniture, and much more! Save 10% on your first order!
Pressure Washing
Pressure washing is type of cleaning offered among other janitorial services that uses a powerful hose in order to wash down walls and other surfaces. This can have a range of advantages for homeowners and businesses and can improve the look of a building a variety of ways.
Any kind of washing should be used regularly on the outside walls of a building in order to improve the look of the painting and help the building to look as bright and as new as possible. If you notice that a building looks dull or old over time then often the reason for this is that it has collected a thin layer of dust or dirt over time and that this has resulted in the walls looking a darker or more faded colour. By washing down the walls with pressure washing or other janitorial services then it is possible to reveal the bright and new looking paint-job underneath. This then provides one of the best ways to make a building look as new as possible then without getting new painting done (though this should be done fairly frequently too).
While any kind of washing will brighten up your walls however there are some specific advantages of pressure washing that make it the best option for making your walls look as clean and new as possible. The power of pressure washing means first of all that it is strong enough to remove things that are encrusted on or stuck on such as bird manure which otherwise makes a building look a lot worse and less well-looked after. Of course it would be possible to scrape these patches off manually but this would take a lot longer and involve a lot more effort than pressure washing (and so would cost more too). At the same time the fact that people were 'scraping' at the walls would mean that the painting was more likely to chip and flake off. On the other hand pressure washing removes the mess in a way that's forceful while still being gentle on the painting underneath.
The other advantage of pressure washing is that it has such a long reach. The power of a pressure washer means that the jet of water gets blasted over long distances. This then means that it's possible to reach and clean the tops of walls without the need for someone to climb up or use scaffolding or other means. This is again less hassle and upheaval for the owners of the building and also makes it one of the cheaper janitorial services. The benefit of water also means that pressure washing can reach into any shape or size gap and can this way be used to address all kinds of areas on the walls without the use of special tools.
Pressure washing is not only useful for cleaning the sides of buildings however and can also be used to clean tiles, ground and any other large surface area. Tiles in particular benefit from pressure washing as they can look discolored too, but also provide a space for leaves and dirt to collect between them.. If the tiles are on the drive or the outside of the building then this is what will be seen as people drive or walk past and the first thing they'll see when they enter the building affecting both the first impressions of the building (and those inside) as well as the marketing/PR.
Any kind of washing should be used regularly on the outside walls of a building in order to improve the look of the painting and help the building to look as bright and as new as possible. If you notice that a building looks dull or old over time then often the reason for this is that it has collected a thin layer of dust or dirt over time and that this has resulted in the walls looking a darker or more faded colour. By washing down the walls with pressure washing or other janitorial services then it is possible to reveal the bright and new looking paint-job underneath. This then provides one of the best ways to make a building look as new as possible then without getting new painting done (though this should be done fairly frequently too).
While any kind of washing will brighten up your walls however there are some specific advantages of pressure washing that make it the best option for making your walls look as clean and new as possible. The power of pressure washing means first of all that it is strong enough to remove things that are encrusted on or stuck on such as bird manure which otherwise makes a building look a lot worse and less well-looked after. Of course it would be possible to scrape these patches off manually but this would take a lot longer and involve a lot more effort than pressure washing (and so would cost more too). At the same time the fact that people were 'scraping' at the walls would mean that the painting was more likely to chip and flake off. On the other hand pressure washing removes the mess in a way that's forceful while still being gentle on the painting underneath.
The other advantage of pressure washing is that it has such a long reach. The power of a pressure washer means that the jet of water gets blasted over long distances. This then means that it's possible to reach and clean the tops of walls without the need for someone to climb up or use scaffolding or other means. This is again less hassle and upheaval for the owners of the building and also makes it one of the cheaper janitorial services. The benefit of water also means that pressure washing can reach into any shape or size gap and can this way be used to address all kinds of areas on the walls without the use of special tools.
Pressure washing is not only useful for cleaning the sides of buildings however and can also be used to clean tiles, ground and any other large surface area. Tiles in particular benefit from pressure washing as they can look discolored too, but also provide a space for leaves and dirt to collect between them.. If the tiles are on the drive or the outside of the building then this is what will be seen as people drive or walk past and the first thing they'll see when they enter the building affecting both the first impressions of the building (and those inside) as well as the marketing/PR.
Online Degree Program
Earning a degree through an online degree program has become a trend for many students. Online education provides you with flexible and convenient leaning environment where you can attend classes from your computer at home wearing your pajamas. The online degree program can provides the same learning quality and degrees that are mostly acceptable in the job market.
The bad news is there are many online students fail to complete their online degree program. Online degrees are not for every student, unless you can adapt to the online environment and create regular study habits, you may be dropped off half way through your online study and waste your time and money. If online education is your option, here are the 4 tips for you to success in your online degree program.
Tip #1: Degree Program That In Line With Your Career Goal
Most of students choose to earn a degree are for their career planning to a brighter future. Hence, you need to choose an online degree program that can help in your career path. For example, if you want to become a marketing manager, you should choose online marketing degree or online business degree with marketing as specialization instead of online music degree. There are many online degree programs with the same degree title but there are difference courses offered in the program from one school to another. Hence, you should request the program details from the online schools and carefully review their courses to ensure the courses are in line with the requirement to achieve your career goal.
Tip #2: Choose a Properly Accredited Online Degree Program
The online degree program offered by your selected online school should be property accredited by an accreditation agency that is recognized by US Department of Education. Always double to check the accreditation mentioned by the school with CHEA.org to ensure that the online degree program of your choice is accredited by a recognized accreditation agency.
Tip #3: Make sure Your Love Online Study
If you plan to take you degree online, you must be good in learning in text format because most of learning materials are in text format. You should also like to search for information from internet, attend online chat sessions, able communicate through discussion forums and love to stay online; these are the key factors of a success online student. People who like to learn by listen to lecture in a class room should follow traditional way of education.
Tip #4: You Must Be Able To Self Motivated
Although you still have peers in an online class, physically you are alone accessing online material from home or any locations away from your other online peers. Hence, you must be able to motivate yourself to move along your online study progress. An online degree program gives you the flexibility of plan your own schedule for self pace study; the flexibility may cause you to stay out of focus if you do not have self-motivated and discipline to fix and fit your study into your schedule.
Summary
Earning a degree online is a good option because it gives you the flexibility and convenient learning environment. If you choose this online education option, you must adapt to the online environment and create regular study habits to ensure you will success in your online degree program.
The bad news is there are many online students fail to complete their online degree program. Online degrees are not for every student, unless you can adapt to the online environment and create regular study habits, you may be dropped off half way through your online study and waste your time and money. If online education is your option, here are the 4 tips for you to success in your online degree program.
Tip #1: Degree Program That In Line With Your Career Goal
Most of students choose to earn a degree are for their career planning to a brighter future. Hence, you need to choose an online degree program that can help in your career path. For example, if you want to become a marketing manager, you should choose online marketing degree or online business degree with marketing as specialization instead of online music degree. There are many online degree programs with the same degree title but there are difference courses offered in the program from one school to another. Hence, you should request the program details from the online schools and carefully review their courses to ensure the courses are in line with the requirement to achieve your career goal.
Tip #2: Choose a Properly Accredited Online Degree Program
The online degree program offered by your selected online school should be property accredited by an accreditation agency that is recognized by US Department of Education. Always double to check the accreditation mentioned by the school with CHEA.org to ensure that the online degree program of your choice is accredited by a recognized accreditation agency.
Tip #3: Make sure Your Love Online Study
If you plan to take you degree online, you must be good in learning in text format because most of learning materials are in text format. You should also like to search for information from internet, attend online chat sessions, able communicate through discussion forums and love to stay online; these are the key factors of a success online student. People who like to learn by listen to lecture in a class room should follow traditional way of education.
Tip #4: You Must Be Able To Self Motivated
Although you still have peers in an online class, physically you are alone accessing online material from home or any locations away from your other online peers. Hence, you must be able to motivate yourself to move along your online study progress. An online degree program gives you the flexibility of plan your own schedule for self pace study; the flexibility may cause you to stay out of focus if you do not have self-motivated and discipline to fix and fit your study into your schedule.
Summary
Earning a degree online is a good option because it gives you the flexibility and convenient learning environment. If you choose this online education option, you must adapt to the online environment and create regular study habits to ensure you will success in your online degree program.
Safe Driving Education Program
Do you think that someone who has passed a driver's test is really knowledgeable enough and safe enough to go on the road? Ideally, they have also gotten a proper driver's education. When someone goes through a driver's education program, they learn the skills and facts needed to become a responsible driver. They will be less likely to be involved in an accident as well.
This is a great way for parents to help their kids be safe drivers. When teens can get a driver's license as early as 14 years old, it's critical to help them understand the right attitude to have behind the wheel. They are not yet mature enough to realize this on their own.
Because of this, they are more likely to be involved in very serious crashes. Teens really need the insight and direction that is provided by a driver's education program. They will be so much more likely to accurately grasp the responsibility that driving really is.
When teens learn this early in their driving career, they develop good driving habits that will last. For older persons, driver's education is also valuable. Most drivers could benefit from a brush up on their driving skills and their knowledge of traffic laws.
What do you get out of a driver's education program? Well, the first thing is you get more safety from learning how to safely operate your car, and what the new rules of the road are.
You also learn many other skills: safe driving methods, proper distance between vehicles, the implications of drinking and driving, repercussions of using a cell phone, and so on. All of these lessons are important for safe driving in the real world.
Don't think that you have to go sit in a classroom to get a valid driver's education. You can get one in a number of different ways. Of course you can attend a driver's education course in most any city.
But, you can also go online and take a driver's education course via the Internet, or sign up for a correspondence course on driver's education. You can more easily study at your own pace if you do it this way.
This is a great way for parents to help their kids be safe drivers. When teens can get a driver's license as early as 14 years old, it's critical to help them understand the right attitude to have behind the wheel. They are not yet mature enough to realize this on their own.
Because of this, they are more likely to be involved in very serious crashes. Teens really need the insight and direction that is provided by a driver's education program. They will be so much more likely to accurately grasp the responsibility that driving really is.
When teens learn this early in their driving career, they develop good driving habits that will last. For older persons, driver's education is also valuable. Most drivers could benefit from a brush up on their driving skills and their knowledge of traffic laws.
What do you get out of a driver's education program? Well, the first thing is you get more safety from learning how to safely operate your car, and what the new rules of the road are.
You also learn many other skills: safe driving methods, proper distance between vehicles, the implications of drinking and driving, repercussions of using a cell phone, and so on. All of these lessons are important for safe driving in the real world.
Don't think that you have to go sit in a classroom to get a valid driver's education. You can get one in a number of different ways. Of course you can attend a driver's education course in most any city.
But, you can also go online and take a driver's education course via the Internet, or sign up for a correspondence course on driver's education. You can more easily study at your own pace if you do it this way.
Home Tutoring
There are many ways for learners to acquire the additional help with their studies. Schools may offer extra classes and tutoring. Parents may do their utmost to monitor their children’s progress and provide homework help. Websites, online learning communities and online tutoring are all options to help students get on top of their studies. Home tutoring may seem like the ‘old-fashioned’ option but for some learners it is the best way to ensure educational progress.
Home tutoring is not necessarily always the cheapest option, since tutors must travel to the student’s home, but it can be worth every cent. Home tutoring is the ultimate in individual, personalized educational help. Various categories of learner may benefit from home tutoring over and above other tutoring options. They include:
• Students who have attention or concentration problems. A tutor who is physically present is often best placed to keep learners focused and on track.
• Students who have difficulty engaging with teachers and authority figures. Online tutoring with video links can work but some learners may find it easier to establish a productive rapport with a tutor in a face-to-face home tutoring setting.
• Those who are studying practical subjects (including art and music) or any subject that does not rely primarily on words (including geometry and trigonometry). Again, though it is possible for effective tutoring to occur by other means, sometimes direct contact facilitates the learning process.
• Students with physical disabilities.
Today in many families both parents work and young people are expected to let themselves in and find the initiative and self-discipline to do their homework on their own. Home tutoring is not a substitute for a child-sitting service but in the absence of parental supervision, can serve a dual purpose and encourage a productive homework routine.
Finding a Home Tutoring Service Near You
Unless you live in a remote area you will find home tutoring services advertised on the internet, in your local newspaper and on community bulletin boards. Your child’s school or other parents may be able to recommend home tutors. For simple homework supervision, you may find college students who are committed to education who will provide the home tutoring services you need. If you have children with physical and/or learning disabilities charities and public service bodies may be able to advise you on avenues to pursue.
Many home tutoring services will give you the opportunity to meet tutors before you commit yourself. They will also be able to advise you on the optimum amount of tutoring for your child to attain specific goals, such as test prep or catch-up. Prepare a list of questions about the tutor’s qualifications, experience and home tutoring methods.
As little as one or two hours home tutoring per week can make a big difference to a learner’s progress. Home Tutoring is an option that is widely available and worth serious consideration.
Home tutoring is not necessarily always the cheapest option, since tutors must travel to the student’s home, but it can be worth every cent. Home tutoring is the ultimate in individual, personalized educational help. Various categories of learner may benefit from home tutoring over and above other tutoring options. They include:
• Students who have attention or concentration problems. A tutor who is physically present is often best placed to keep learners focused and on track.
• Students who have difficulty engaging with teachers and authority figures. Online tutoring with video links can work but some learners may find it easier to establish a productive rapport with a tutor in a face-to-face home tutoring setting.
• Those who are studying practical subjects (including art and music) or any subject that does not rely primarily on words (including geometry and trigonometry). Again, though it is possible for effective tutoring to occur by other means, sometimes direct contact facilitates the learning process.
• Students with physical disabilities.
Today in many families both parents work and young people are expected to let themselves in and find the initiative and self-discipline to do their homework on their own. Home tutoring is not a substitute for a child-sitting service but in the absence of parental supervision, can serve a dual purpose and encourage a productive homework routine.
Finding a Home Tutoring Service Near You
Unless you live in a remote area you will find home tutoring services advertised on the internet, in your local newspaper and on community bulletin boards. Your child’s school or other parents may be able to recommend home tutors. For simple homework supervision, you may find college students who are committed to education who will provide the home tutoring services you need. If you have children with physical and/or learning disabilities charities and public service bodies may be able to advise you on avenues to pursue.
Many home tutoring services will give you the opportunity to meet tutors before you commit yourself. They will also be able to advise you on the optimum amount of tutoring for your child to attain specific goals, such as test prep or catch-up. Prepare a list of questions about the tutor’s qualifications, experience and home tutoring methods.
As little as one or two hours home tutoring per week can make a big difference to a learner’s progress. Home Tutoring is an option that is widely available and worth serious consideration.
City Challenges
Worldwide, cities gain a million people a week. This kind of growth brings problems, and today many of the world's largest cities face similar challenges: high housing costs, pollution, and crime (to name a few). What are some urban planners doing to fix these problems and improve people's lives?
To improve residents' lives, Hyderabad is planting trees and parks. The city is even creating "greener" buildings that use less water and less electricity for power. Adding green to a city has a number of advantages. For example, trees remove pollution from the air and make it cleaner. In Hyderabad, streets were gray and ugly a few years ago. Today, they are filled with trees and flowers making the city cleaner and more colorful. Green areas also give people places to relax or exercise and walk. A study in the U.S. showed something else interesting: the greener a neighborhood is, the less crime there is against people and property - especially buildings and cars.
Many people work in the center of Sao Paulo, but they don't live there. They've spread out to neighborhoods outside the city, where housing is cheaper. Every day, these people travel into the city and traffic is very heavy. Urban planners are using different strategies to address this issue. First, they are building better subways. Another goal is to make it cheaper for people to live in the downtown area. Doing this will shorten the distance people travel for work and reduce traffic and pollution in the city.
To improve residents' lives, Hyderabad is planting trees and parks. The city is even creating "greener" buildings that use less water and less electricity for power. Adding green to a city has a number of advantages. For example, trees remove pollution from the air and make it cleaner. In Hyderabad, streets were gray and ugly a few years ago. Today, they are filled with trees and flowers making the city cleaner and more colorful. Green areas also give people places to relax or exercise and walk. A study in the U.S. showed something else interesting: the greener a neighborhood is, the less crime there is against people and property - especially buildings and cars.
Many people work in the center of Sao Paulo, but they don't live there. They've spread out to neighborhoods outside the city, where housing is cheaper. Every day, these people travel into the city and traffic is very heavy. Urban planners are using different strategies to address this issue. First, they are building better subways. Another goal is to make it cheaper for people to live in the downtown area. Doing this will shorten the distance people travel for work and reduce traffic and pollution in the city.
The Kenyan Elephant
This is a highly organized mammal that lives in herds of up to ten females, their young ones and a matriarch. The matriarch is the oldest and largest cow in the group. All the elephants in the herd are directly related to the matriarch. Bulls that have reached maturity only come to the group during the mating season. Elephants are able to make low frequency sounds that are below human range of hearing. They use these sounds to communicate with other elephants. They can also make sounds such as grunts, bellows, purrs, whistles and the most obvious trumpeting. They can communicate with each other over long distances especially to keep track of lost members of the group.
The most distinct characteristic is the massive trunk. This is simply an elongation of the nose and upper lip. It is used as an arm or a hand to hold stuff. Its main purpose is to breath and smell. The trunk is also used to draw up to 3 gallons of water to spray it in to the mouth for drinking or on the back when the weather is hot. Finger like projections at the tip of the trunk are used to hold small objects and to uproot grasses.
The elephant cow is one of the few mammals that live beyond its productive years. Between the age of 45 and 50, the cow's reproductive life comes to an end. Though it does not get anymore calves, it helps in taking care of the calves in the group.
Dickson is the Chief Tour Guide and one of the Directors of Adventure Africa Expedition, he has traveled in many countries in Africa where he built the spirit of adventure and discovered nature hidden wonders in especially tailored walking trails like in Kisoro in Rwanda and Bwindi in Uganda both for Gorilla tracking.
The most distinct characteristic is the massive trunk. This is simply an elongation of the nose and upper lip. It is used as an arm or a hand to hold stuff. Its main purpose is to breath and smell. The trunk is also used to draw up to 3 gallons of water to spray it in to the mouth for drinking or on the back when the weather is hot. Finger like projections at the tip of the trunk are used to hold small objects and to uproot grasses.
The elephant cow is one of the few mammals that live beyond its productive years. Between the age of 45 and 50, the cow's reproductive life comes to an end. Though it does not get anymore calves, it helps in taking care of the calves in the group.
Dickson is the Chief Tour Guide and one of the Directors of Adventure Africa Expedition, he has traveled in many countries in Africa where he built the spirit of adventure and discovered nature hidden wonders in especially tailored walking trails like in Kisoro in Rwanda and Bwindi in Uganda both for Gorilla tracking.
Teacher Training In Delhi
Teaching in schools has become the most liked profession by girls now-a-days. The teaching profession already has the status of respect and honor. The biggest attraction is the working hours which help females to maintain a balance between the work and the home. Women can pursue their career even after they get married if they are willing to work as teaching hours provide ample time left which can be used to look after the family. Earlier the girls were more attracted towards the corporate jobs as it is a better paid job domain. But now as the sixth pay commission has been declared, the rises in the teacher’s salaries have come like a cool breeze. The teachers are enjoying salaries which are equivalent to the pay scales of engineers in mnc’s. The pre-requisite for joining the teaching field is that you should have done teacher training courses like
Ntt/Nptt/Ecce/B.ed. The schools are also becoming brands now-a-days. Before Appointing the teachers, they are very careful and consider only the trained candidates.
Moreover as the teachers’ job involves handling the students who are live units, so they should be well trained and must be well versed with child psychology, educational methods like playway, teaching aids, computer aided teaching, comprehensive evaluation etc. Anything which does not support the fundamentals of teaching is if practiced by the teacher can bring a bad name to the school, so a well trained teacher is the requirement of all good schools. If anybody is willing to make a career in teaching can undergo the nursery teacher training or nursery primary teacher training provided by various govt and private institutes. Some good institutes in Delhi like DIET, indoss polytechnic etc. provide such training. A graduate with more than 50% marks can do B.Ed from any ugc approved university. Teacher training courses can be of duration one or two years. But this is for sure that once a person has undergone the teacher training programme, he /she will not be short of employment. This is a zero unemployment profession.
Ntt/Nptt/Ecce/B.ed. The schools are also becoming brands now-a-days. Before Appointing the teachers, they are very careful and consider only the trained candidates.
Moreover as the teachers’ job involves handling the students who are live units, so they should be well trained and must be well versed with child psychology, educational methods like playway, teaching aids, computer aided teaching, comprehensive evaluation etc. Anything which does not support the fundamentals of teaching is if practiced by the teacher can bring a bad name to the school, so a well trained teacher is the requirement of all good schools. If anybody is willing to make a career in teaching can undergo the nursery teacher training or nursery primary teacher training provided by various govt and private institutes. Some good institutes in Delhi like DIET, indoss polytechnic etc. provide such training. A graduate with more than 50% marks can do B.Ed from any ugc approved university. Teacher training courses can be of duration one or two years. But this is for sure that once a person has undergone the teacher training programme, he /she will not be short of employment. This is a zero unemployment profession.
Wednesday, June 2, 2010
Guide to Ladder Safety
Ladder Safety
With the right ladder and proper use, working above ground level should be no problem. Help to make certain you possess an appropriate ladder and use correct procedure for ladder placement, always keep in mind ladder climbing safety and correct technique for ladder climbing.
Pick the Suitable Ladder
There are three basic portable ladder types:
• Type I – Industrial: heavy-duty having a load capacity not much more than 250 pounds.
• Type II – Commercial: medium-duty with a load capacity not more than 225 pounds. (Suited for painting and similar tasks.)
• Type III – Household: light-duty with a load capacity of 200 pounds.
There are many varieties of ladders obtainable on the market. If it is designed to be portable and used by a single individual, it should fit into one of the three basic categories.
The most typical type of ladder in the home is a stepladder. Mariette Mifflin, About's Guide to Housewares, offers tips for choosing the right stepladder.
Only choose ladders with the UL seal from Underwriter's Laboratory. Ladders commonly come in three materials: aluminum, wood, or Fiberglass. Aluminum is the most durable, but will conduct electricity, making it dangerous for use around electricity. Wood may rot. Fiberglass is the best mixture of durability and non-conductivity, but is also the most costly.
Working with a Ladder
• Make sure the ladder is suited for the type of job you prepare to do (see the types above).
• Before working with a ladder, especially a ladder that has been stored in the garage for a while, inspect it for cracks or broken joints.
• Place your ladder on a stable, even, flat area. Never place a ladder on top of another object.
• Use the 1:4 ratio to ensure a stable working platform. Place the base of the ladder 1 foot away of whatever it leans against for every 4 feet of height to the point where the ladder contacts at the top (see graphic).
• When using an A-frame stepladder, make certain the brace is locked in position.
• If climbing onto another surface, make sure the ladder extends at very least three feet past the platform you're climbing onto.
• Secure tall ladders by lashing or fastening the ladder to stop movement.
• Always face the ladder when climbing or descending.
• Keep both feet on the ladder - never put one foot on a rung and the other foot on a different surface.
• Do not climb higher than the second rung on stepladders or the third rung on straight or extension ladders.
• Never stand on the top or the paint shelf of a stepladder.
• Keep your belt buckle (if you have one) positioned between the rungs so it doesn't catch.
• Never leave ladders unattended - kids love them.
• When working with electricity, use a ladder made of wood or fiberglass.
Maintaining Ladders
Inspect ladders regularly. Stepladders and extension ladders ought to be inspected for broken or frozen joints or latches. Aluminum ladders ought to be inspected for cracks and broken welds. Aluminum ladders should also be inspected for rough spots and burrs before first use.
Wood ladders ought to be inspected for cracked wood, splinters, and rot. Look for broken or loose hardware. Protect wood ladders with linseed oil or clear sealant. Never paint a wooden ladder - the paint may hide imperfections such as rot or cracks.
Fiberglass ladders are protected with a clear sealant. If the fiberglass is damaged through the sealant, sand lightly before applying another coat of lacquer.
With the right ladder and proper use, working above ground level should be no problem. Make sure you have an appropriate ladder and use correct method for placement and climbing.
With the right ladder and proper use, working above ground level should be no problem. Help to make certain you possess an appropriate ladder and use correct procedure for ladder placement, always keep in mind ladder climbing safety and correct technique for ladder climbing.
Pick the Suitable Ladder
There are three basic portable ladder types:
• Type I – Industrial: heavy-duty having a load capacity not much more than 250 pounds.
• Type II – Commercial: medium-duty with a load capacity not more than 225 pounds. (Suited for painting and similar tasks.)
• Type III – Household: light-duty with a load capacity of 200 pounds.
There are many varieties of ladders obtainable on the market. If it is designed to be portable and used by a single individual, it should fit into one of the three basic categories.
The most typical type of ladder in the home is a stepladder. Mariette Mifflin, About's Guide to Housewares, offers tips for choosing the right stepladder.
Only choose ladders with the UL seal from Underwriter's Laboratory. Ladders commonly come in three materials: aluminum, wood, or Fiberglass. Aluminum is the most durable, but will conduct electricity, making it dangerous for use around electricity. Wood may rot. Fiberglass is the best mixture of durability and non-conductivity, but is also the most costly.
Working with a Ladder
• Make sure the ladder is suited for the type of job you prepare to do (see the types above).
• Before working with a ladder, especially a ladder that has been stored in the garage for a while, inspect it for cracks or broken joints.
• Place your ladder on a stable, even, flat area. Never place a ladder on top of another object.
• Use the 1:4 ratio to ensure a stable working platform. Place the base of the ladder 1 foot away of whatever it leans against for every 4 feet of height to the point where the ladder contacts at the top (see graphic).
• When using an A-frame stepladder, make certain the brace is locked in position.
• If climbing onto another surface, make sure the ladder extends at very least three feet past the platform you're climbing onto.
• Secure tall ladders by lashing or fastening the ladder to stop movement.
• Always face the ladder when climbing or descending.
• Keep both feet on the ladder - never put one foot on a rung and the other foot on a different surface.
• Do not climb higher than the second rung on stepladders or the third rung on straight or extension ladders.
• Never stand on the top or the paint shelf of a stepladder.
• Keep your belt buckle (if you have one) positioned between the rungs so it doesn't catch.
• Never leave ladders unattended - kids love them.
• When working with electricity, use a ladder made of wood or fiberglass.
Maintaining Ladders
Inspect ladders regularly. Stepladders and extension ladders ought to be inspected for broken or frozen joints or latches. Aluminum ladders ought to be inspected for cracks and broken welds. Aluminum ladders should also be inspected for rough spots and burrs before first use.
Wood ladders ought to be inspected for cracked wood, splinters, and rot. Look for broken or loose hardware. Protect wood ladders with linseed oil or clear sealant. Never paint a wooden ladder - the paint may hide imperfections such as rot or cracks.
Fiberglass ladders are protected with a clear sealant. If the fiberglass is damaged through the sealant, sand lightly before applying another coat of lacquer.
With the right ladder and proper use, working above ground level should be no problem. Make sure you have an appropriate ladder and use correct method for placement and climbing.
Fusion Splicer
Fusion Splicing is the method to join two Optical Fiber Cables (OFC) by heating them. Fusion Splicer is an instrument used to perform the same task. Fusion Slicer is available in two types Portable and Fixed. Portable model is preferred because it can be carried anywhere, where there is need to join OFCs.
Fusion Splicing needs to be very accurate and precise. If there is any error in splicing, light will scatter or reflect and data loss occurs. Two OFCs are connected end to end and fused to join. Fusion Slicer uses a source of heat such as Tungsten Filament, Light Amplification by Simulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) Beam, Gas Flame or an electric arc.
Material of optical fiber cable is fused at high temperature. Fused state only melts the contents, it don't change its shape or composition or characteristics. This is very important because we don't desire change in shape or characteristics of the fiber cable. If any of them is altered while splicing, data loss will certainly occur, which is undesired.
Optical Fiber Cable is a sophisticated cable made from several layer. Slicing should join each layer to the respective layer only of two fiber cables. Especially the Core, which carries light needs to be very flat at joint. Curvature can deflect or diffract light beam. Splice loss occurred due to splicing is direct effect of alignment. Using special type of OFC Stripper and Cutter, ends are cut carefully. Flatness is observed by Microscope or Zooming Lenses. They are joint end to end and put in fusion slicer. Slicer joins them quickly. The joint is allowed to get cool and firm. Splice Protector is applied on the joint.
Today, Fusion Slicers usually use LASER or Electric Arc. Gas Flame can leave traces of fuel or combustion bi-products, which may alter composition of OFC. LASER and Electric Arc are clean sources of heat. LASER slicer is preferred because it can operate on Battery and quickly slice OFCs. Slicers can be programmed to quickly slicer similar type of OFCs. Portable models usually use LASER as heat source. They quickly heat and splice OFCs in no time.
Certain advanced slicers have Microscope integrated. Which ensures that there would be no wrong alignment or curvature? With TFT LCD Screen, it is possible to visualize slicing process in 2 Dimensions, which ensures it will go in right way. Further, they can check for final slicing and log the result for future purpose. Computer Connectivity makes it possible to record progress and log history.
Fusion Slicers are extensively used by Telecommunication Companies. Optical Fiber Network proves to be very reliable, efficient and low power communication media. Data is secured and loss is negligible. Hence more and more telecommunication companies are expanding their network by OFCs. New type of Ultra Fast internet connection is available with OFCs only. Mobile Towers are preferably connected by OFCs, as Microwave Links may get interrupted. Hence Fusion Slicer performs a lot to join OFCs for the network.
Fusion Splicing needs to be very accurate and precise. If there is any error in splicing, light will scatter or reflect and data loss occurs. Two OFCs are connected end to end and fused to join. Fusion Slicer uses a source of heat such as Tungsten Filament, Light Amplification by Simulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) Beam, Gas Flame or an electric arc.
Material of optical fiber cable is fused at high temperature. Fused state only melts the contents, it don't change its shape or composition or characteristics. This is very important because we don't desire change in shape or characteristics of the fiber cable. If any of them is altered while splicing, data loss will certainly occur, which is undesired.
Optical Fiber Cable is a sophisticated cable made from several layer. Slicing should join each layer to the respective layer only of two fiber cables. Especially the Core, which carries light needs to be very flat at joint. Curvature can deflect or diffract light beam. Splice loss occurred due to splicing is direct effect of alignment. Using special type of OFC Stripper and Cutter, ends are cut carefully. Flatness is observed by Microscope or Zooming Lenses. They are joint end to end and put in fusion slicer. Slicer joins them quickly. The joint is allowed to get cool and firm. Splice Protector is applied on the joint.
Today, Fusion Slicers usually use LASER or Electric Arc. Gas Flame can leave traces of fuel or combustion bi-products, which may alter composition of OFC. LASER and Electric Arc are clean sources of heat. LASER slicer is preferred because it can operate on Battery and quickly slice OFCs. Slicers can be programmed to quickly slicer similar type of OFCs. Portable models usually use LASER as heat source. They quickly heat and splice OFCs in no time.
Certain advanced slicers have Microscope integrated. Which ensures that there would be no wrong alignment or curvature? With TFT LCD Screen, it is possible to visualize slicing process in 2 Dimensions, which ensures it will go in right way. Further, they can check for final slicing and log the result for future purpose. Computer Connectivity makes it possible to record progress and log history.
Fusion Slicers are extensively used by Telecommunication Companies. Optical Fiber Network proves to be very reliable, efficient and low power communication media. Data is secured and loss is negligible. Hence more and more telecommunication companies are expanding their network by OFCs. New type of Ultra Fast internet connection is available with OFCs only. Mobile Towers are preferably connected by OFCs, as Microwave Links may get interrupted. Hence Fusion Slicer performs a lot to join OFCs for the network.
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